User:Timeshifter

Table of contents
Oracle: Ohhh, what's really going to bake your noodle later on is, would you still have broken it if I hadn't said anything?.

Me
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 * I am a "bureaucrat" on this Cannabis Wiki.

See: YouTube channel, favorites, likes, and playlists. After opening one of them in a new tab you can click on the list title to get the list to expand into a wider, longer, and more easily viewable and scrollable list.

Try out Youtube shuffle play (cross-arrows icon button) on any of them. Or if it is not working, click on the loop icon, and manually scroll up and down the list to shuffle now and then. See my Google+ music page. See another wiki user page. And: more music picks. See: Loved tracks on old Last.fm page.
 * Notes: Click images to enlarge them. Feel free to comment or ask questions on my talk page. See User talk:Timeshifter. I put my user pages in the public domain. Copy/edit/transfer any or all parts anywhere.


 * pǝǝʍ ǝɥʇ ǝzılɐƃǝl

Articles by Timeshifter
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 * ''Share link: Timeshifter. See articles written by Timeshifter. I put all of them in the public domain. Use any part of them. Edit in any way for your use.

''' Some info on my user page and in my articles may be out of date. '''

Currently visiting Earth
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Currently visiting Earth. sɹnoʎ ǝɹɐ splɹoʍ ǝsǝɥʇ﻿ llɐ A sensate palling around with many sensei.


 * Unacknowledged (2017 documentary). On Netflix. May be the best documentary ever on aliens, UFOs, etc..
 * ‘I saw a UFO’ Buzz Aldrin PASSES lie detector test revealing truth about aliens. MOON walker Buzz Aldrin and three other astronauts have passed lie detector tests over claims they experienced alien encounters. By Mike Parker. 8 April 2018. Daily Star (UK).
 * Edgar Mitchell, Apollo 14 Astronaut, Speaks Out on Roswell & the Existence of Aliens. By Robin Seemangal. 25 Aug 2015. The Observer. And: 'Peace-loving aliens tried to save America from nuclear war,' claims moon mission astronaut Edgar Mitchell. By Jasper Hamill. 11 Aug 2015. Daily Mirror. And: Apollo Astronaut Says UFOs Came to Prevent Nuclear War. By Kiona Smith-Strickland. 16 Aug 2015. Gizmodo. And: UFOs & Nukes. Robert Hastings on Coast to Coast AM Radio. 20 Aug 2017.
 * Physicist claims Bob Lazar did work at Los Alamos.
 * Watergate’s Hunt allegedly believed Kennedy assassination tied to alien revelations. Hey, who knows? :)


 * "I dream my painting, and then I paint my dream." - Vincent van Gogh. Wikiquotes.


 * Our Founders, alien-obsessed: Adams and Franklin had a thing — really! — for extraterrestials.
 * Andreas Mamet interviews Dr. Steven Greer . At 14:40, anti-gravity physics understood in 1954. At 25:55, ex-CIA chief Bill Colby killed in 1996 the week he was to reveal some technology to Steven Greer. And: Steven Greer did that press conference in 2001:  "On Wednesday, May 9th, 2001, over twenty military, intelligence, government, corporate and scientific witnesses came forward at the National Press Club in Washington, DC to establish the reality of UFOs or extraterrestrial vehicles, extraterrestrial life forms, and resulting advanced energy and propulsion technologies."


 * Welcome to the Village, and the Weirding Way. The videos are better at the source pages sometimes (higher video resolution, larger video sizes, full-screen options, better audio, less video stuttering). Click the Youtube and other links. Playing with the presets in your audio settings while listening to a tune can be fun, too.

Baked, not fried. I am a volunteer sysop-admin at the Cannabis Wiki. Just another guy with a PC. Have PC, will travel.

See:
 * Special:ListUsers
 * Category:Admins

Some useful Facebook pages:     
 * Global Marijuana March, and more GMM pages.
 * Besides the many GMM facebook pages check out these:
 * Marijuana is Safer.
 * Safer Alternative For Enjoyable Recreation (SAFER).



Worthy causes to donate money to
Return to top. PayPal is a simple and safe way to donate. Organizations would be wise to make it possible to donate by PayPal, because many people are uneasy about revealing their debit and credit card numbers, etc.. And they don't want to have to register and fill out forms first. Just enter the dollar amount and click the pay button. Anything else drives busy people with money away. Also, PayPal only reveals one's name and email address when donating. Donors don't feel like they are being data-mined. It would also be wise to tell donors that their name, email address, and other personal info will not be revealed, or passed on, to others without their permission.


 * AmazonSmile. Amazon gives a percentage of your purchase cost to the organizations you choose. Such as MPP, NORML, Physicians For A National Health Program, and so on. All you have to do is use smile.amazon.com when ordering. It costs you nothing, and prices are the same to you. You choose who to donate to.
 *  Marijuana Policy Project (MPP).
 * Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. Someone needs to donate a lot of money on the condition that the database becomes freely available to anyone without a paid subscription.
 * Our World In Data. See the support page. Charts are licensed under CC BY-SA, and can be used freely anywhere including Wikipedia.
 * StoptheDrugWar.org (also known as DRCNet). Please donate to support its excellent free weekly roundup of the news, Drug War Chronicle. Subscribe here for free email version (long or short versions). Its home page has daily news roundups. See its site search, and search for city, state, province, or nation.
 *  LibreOffice. A free all-around replacement for Microsoft Office. See the donation page.
 * Firefox addons. Can find donation links on many of the addon pages.
 * Statista - The Statistics Portal. Some of the charts are free. But they are not free enough for Wikipedia. For example: Chart: The States Where It's Legal To Smoke Marijuana. Maybe someone can donate a large amount of money, and convince them to put their free charts under CC-BY instead of their current CC-BY-ND.
 * Truthout. Progressive news site and archive. See donation page or use paypal@truthout.org


 * Donate to, or completely fund, ballot initiatives:


 * Support get out the vote efforts. For example;
 * In Texas anyone 65 or over can vote by mail. No excuse or reason needed.
 * Halledamnlujah! December 16, 2017. By: Juanita Jean Herownself. From the article (emphasis added):
 * {| border=1 cellpadding=4 rules=all

From: "Juanita Jean's, The World's Most Dangerous Beauty Salon, Inc. ... in Richmond, Texas, in the heart of Tom DeLay's old district. It's nuttier than squirrel poop here."
 * "For the first time ever, Texas Democrats are sending ballot by mail applications to every known Democrat over the age of 65. ... The applications are pre-populated and marked for a Democratic primary ballot so Republicans won’t use them in case they get their grubby hands on them. They are also coded, so we will know who sent their’s back and who hasn’t yet. I am leaving the donate button up in case somebody gets extra special nice with a cherry on top and wants to donate to help Hazel Lundy’s phone banking team start calling in late January to remind people to fill out the application and mail it back."


 * }

Music videos
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Essential Firefox addons. Disable the rest
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 * Note: This section is usually up to date. Info on addons farther down is older, and often out of date, and no longer applicable.

The more addons, the more problems there can be at times with browser stuttering, slowdowns, and freezing. Also, less tabs can be opened without problems. So remove non-essential addons if you are having too many problems. Sometimes you can disable some of the addons without removing them. The ones that don't require a browser restart in order to disable them. Turn them on and off as needed.

Some basic addons below to leave enabled all the time.
 * Adblock Plus (ABP). - It is better for the long-term survival of the web. Because it allows some less-intrusive ads, and so websites can make some money. It needs to allow enough ads for websites to survive long-term.
 * or

Plus:
 * uBlock Origin.
 * Search Site WE.
 * Translate Now.
 * Cookie AutoDelete. Not sure about this one. Not using it. Needs more study.

Remove any other addons that you don't enable anymore. They gum up your browser with bloat, and take up RAM. Additional free RAM solves many problems. Such as allowing more browser tabs and windows to be open without sluggishness.

See Youtube downloading section farther down for info on addons for downloading videos.

Firefox about:config settings compiled
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 * Note: Some of these settings have since changed.

Put about:config in the address bar, and load that Firefox settings page. Enter the preference names below. They do not work if there is a space at the beginning or end.


 * Set browser.tabs.closeWindowWithLastTab to "false". Allows last tab to be closed without closing the browser window.
 * Set browser.bookmarks.max_backups to 0 to speed up browser closing. See info farther down.

Stop video autoplay. See this thread:
 * 'media.autoplay.enabled' setting no longer stops video auto-play (version 63.0).
 * Also, go to: Tools menu > Add-ons. Click "plugins" in the sidebar. Set all to "ask to activate". If "ask to activate" does not exist for some items, set them to "always activate".

Turn off domain guessing and URL auto-completion in the location bar:
 * Set browser.fixup.alternate.enabled to false.
 * Set browser.urlbar.autofill to false.
 * Set browser.urlbar.autofill.typed to false.

Prevent new favicons (bookmark icons):
 * Set browser.chrome.favicons to false.
 * Set browser.chrome.image_icons.max_size to 0.
 * Set browser.chrome.site_icons to false.

Stop Firefox prefetching:
 * Set network.prefetch-next to false.
 * Set network.dns.disablePrefetch to true.
 * Set network.http.speculative-parallel-limit to 0.

Disable Firefox Accessibility Service
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Sometimes this setting is enabled again. So check the setting now and then.

If it is not used, then disable the Firefox Accessibility Service:
 * What is the Accessibility Service Indicator? | Firefox Help. See the section called "What is the impact of having Firefox Accessibility Service enabled?"
 * {| class=wikitable


 * Firefox Accessibility Service may negatively impact Firefox browsing performance
 * Third party applications may be monitoring your web surfing activity
 * Firefox stability may be adversely affected
 * }
 * }

Then see the section "How do I disable Firefox Accessibility Service?"

Fix Firefox not working after wake-up from sleep
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See the above section. It fixes the problem for some people.

This is not currently a problem for me. My PC wakes up fine, and I am using all my Firefox addons.

But here are some ideas below in case it is a problem for you.

The problem occurs when there are Firefox windows and tabs upon waking up the PC. It is impossible to load new pages, or to reload the old pages such as Facebook pages in order to see new stuff or see notification numbers at the top of Facebook tabs. Try loading your home page for example in a new tab. The page will remain blank, and the cycling icon in the tab top will keep cycling forever. Sometimes just looking at Firefox options or addons will cause the tab to load. Or clicking on another tab while the problem tab is cycling.

The problem only (sporadically) occurs when windows and tabs are still open from when the PC was put to sleep. The problem does not seem to happen consistently. The computer sometimes (or even often) wakes up without problems.

See also:
 * FF irresponsive after wake-up from sleep. | Firefox Support Forum | Mozilla Support.

Quickly disabling and reenabling "AdBlock Plus" or "IBM Security Rapport" in Firefox addons (tools menu / addons / extensions) is sometimes necessary. One second is enough. It is not necessary to uninstall the addon. Disabling and reenabling various addons work.

This will allow web pages to immediately load or reload right away that were stuck trying to load. New tabs can be opened without problems. The problem seems to be caused by the AdBlock Plus addon being enabled at the same time as "IBM Security Rapport". But AdBlock Plus is a very important addon. It saves a lot of time. So disabling and re-enabling an addon is not a big deal. And IBM fixes the problem if informed of it. It comes and goes.

See another method here:
 * IBM Knowledge Center - Stopping Rapport. "If the problem disappears when you stop Rapport, Rapport is likely to be at least a partial cause of the problem. IBM recommends not to uninstall Rapport. If you are thinking of uninstalling Rapport, contact IBM Trusteer Support for assistance, see Getting Support."
 * Send a report to IBM Trusteer Support right away while the log files are most relevant. To do so enable Rapport in Firefox addons, and note the icon used for Rapport there. Click on the Rapport icon in the address bar. It does not matter whether it is gray or green. Then click on settings in the popup. Then click on "Report a problem".
 * Trusteer. See section on Trusteer Rapport.

If all else fails, you can close all the Firefox windows, and then start fresh with one new Firefox window. That seems to always work for me. But if you are in private browsing mode, you lose your open tabs, because it does not remember browsing history.

You can remove "IBM Security Rapport" from Firefox addons (tools menu / addons / extensions). It is listed as "Trusteer Endpoint Protection" in programs and features control panel. I don't know if it is removed from there just by removing it from Firefox addons.

Firefox private browsing is fastest
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 * Firefox Private Browsing vs. Chrome Incognito: Which is Faster? By Nick Nguyen. Nov. 20, 2017.
 * Private Browsing - Use Firefox without saving history. Firefox support.
 * I have private browsing as default. How can I open a normal window? Firefox support. Get a normal window from the 3-bar icon menu.
 * Settings for privacy, browsing history and do-not-track. Firefox Help. From that page:
 * {| class=wikitable


 * When Firefox is set to "Use custom settings for history", the following setting will become available:
 * Always use private browsing mode.


 * }


 * Tracking Protection. Firefox Help. In Firefox options set Tracking Protection to "Only in private windows". Also, in Firefox options send websites a “Do Not Track” signal "Only when using Tracking Protection".

. See this section in the "Tracking Protection" page linked above. This is the fastest way to browse the web, and be able to pick and choose embedded social-media videos and images to view. You can, on an as needed basis, disable tracking protection for the site in question, just for this session. On other pages the web is much faster to load without the many additional trackers, beacons, conversion pixels, etc..

Changing passwords while using private browsing
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Updating existing passwords is possible under private browsing.

To update a password go to:
 * Tools menu / options / privacy and security / saved logins / show passwords / double-click a password / edit it / click elsewhere / close.

New passwords. Must disable private browsing
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Uncheck "Always use private browsing mode". Restart browser. Launch browser, and go to page and register. This will cause Firefox to save the password. This is not possible in private browsing. Can then turn private browsing back on, and restart Firefox to enable private browsing. See previous section for updating existing passwords.

Passwords
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Tools > options > privacy and security > forms and passwords:
 * Ask to save logins and passwords for websites.
 * Use a master password.

"Saved logins" are not visible without entering the master password.

This way you can still login in to your favorite sites even on shared computers. Just be sure to close all the Firefox browser windows when you leave the PC. The next person will not be able to see your passwords and login names if they don't know the master password for that profile on the Firefox browser.

Clearing history does not erase the saved passwords and logins in the master password file ("saved logins"):
 * History > Clear recent history > Check all the boxes > Time range to clear > Everything.

Cookies
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 * Private Browsing mode vs. Cookies accepted. MozillaZine Forums.
 * Enable and disable cookies that websites use to track your preferences. Firefox help page.

To see what cookies are currently on your computer: Notice the huge number of cookies when third-party tracking cookies are allowed.
 * Tools > options > privacy and security > cookies and site data > manage data

Here are recommended sets of Firefox cookie settings:


 * Tools > options > privacy and security > cookies and site data:
 * Block cookies and site data.
 * Type blocked: Third-party trackers.
 * Keep until Firefox is closed. Gets rid of cookies not initially blocked by other settings.
 * "Exceptions - cookies and site data": Can't figure out how to keep anything in here after all Firefox windows are closed.


 * Tools > options > content blocking > third-party cookies:
 * Trackers.


 * Tools > options > content blocking > all detected trackers:
 * Only in private windows.

Clear history when Firefox closes
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You can check them all if you don't mind signing in again after closing all browser windows. The password manager remembers user names and passwords even when all the boxes are checked for clearing history.

If you put your computer to sleep it does not sign you out of sites no matter what the settings are below. The computer wakes up with things exactly the same as before.


 * Settings:
 * Check: cookies. Concerning passwords it is OK to check the cookies box. The Firefox password manager does not store passwords in cookies.
 * Active logins. Your choice. It is OK to check this. Can let the Firefox password manager provide user name and password. In order to log in quickly. And it may not be good to have this unchecked when you accidentally forget to sign out of banking sites, etc..
 * Site preferences. Your choice.
 * Check: Cache. May help prevent persistent trackers and zombie cookies.
 * Check: Offline website data. May help prevent trackers and zombie cookies.
 * Form and search history. Your choice.

On a shared computer do not uncheck anything. Except for maybe site preferences.


 * Cookie exceptions. If you can figure out a way for Firefox to keep the logins active without having to sign in again after all Firefox windows are closed. None of the following are banking or money related, and so no money is risked by continuously staying logged in. It is not a good idea to stay logged in to email accounts, because hackers could conceivably use them to get passwords for money related sites. "Forgot my password" links on many sites will send temporary password to email accounts.
 * disqus.com - Comments can be made and edited for years.
 * wikipedia.org - edit at any time.
 * wikimedia.org - edit at any time.
 * facebook.com - see why farther down.

On a shared computer do not allow any cookie exceptions.

Clear all history to fix problems
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Sometimes you may need to clear all Firefox history (all boxes checked) to fix some problems. See:
 * http://classically.me/blogs/how-clear-hsts-settings-major-browsers

For example; to clear out corrupted cookies, certificates, etc.. "Clear all history" from the Firefox history menu is a one-time method that deep cleans and more completely removes cookies, etc..

Removing all cookies found via Firefox options (tools menu > options > privacy and security > cookies and site data > manage data > remove all) may not get rid of all the cookies deleted by "Clear all history" from the history menu. Such as LSOs (see Flash cookies in next section below).

So "Clear all history" now and then. Put a checkmark in all the boxes.

Flash cookies are Local Shared Objects
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See Local shared object (LSO). Flash cookies are LSOs. LSOs cross browsers. They are sometimes used to respawn regular cookies that have been deleted. That is why they are sometimes called "zombie cookies".

To see if Flash is installed go here.

Go to the Flash control panel. Enable: "Block all sites from storing information on this computer". This will prevent local shared objects from being set in the Flash Player by any site. That control panel says though: "The settings on this page are not applicable to Google Chrome or Chromium based browsers (PPAPI)." In the Flash control panel you can delete all Flash cookies and settings. See the advanced tab.

See this thread: LSO and whitelisted cookies. Firefox can only clear all Flash cookies when you clear all regular cookies via "clear history when Firefox closes" in Firefox options. But that also deletes cookies in your exceptions list.

Some choices are: 1): Prevent all Flash cookies via the Flash control panel. 2): Control which Flash cookies are set, and for how long, via Firefox cookie options.

Stop Google, Facebook, Twitter tracking
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Do this for each of your Google, Facebook, and Twitter accounts.


 * How to Browse the Web Anonymously. By Natasha Stokes. Jan. 23, 2017. From the article:


 * {| class=wikitable


 * Opt out of “shared endorsement” in ads and turn off ad personalization (you'll still be shown ads, but they won't be targeted).
 * }
 * {| class=wikitable


 * Head to Facebook's Settings / Adverts to control whether ads are targeted based on your clicks in and out of Facebook; for Twitter, Settings / Security and Privacy, then uncheck the box for “Tailor ads...”; for LinkedIn, Privacy & Settings / Account / Manage Advertising Preferences.
 * }

It seems that the locations for some of these settings changes. Try here for Twitter:
 * https://twitter.com/personalization

Remove Disconnect addon. It blocks Twitter images
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 * Firefox addon: Disconnect.

It blocks Twitter images and videos from showing on web pages. Such as on Huffington Post pages. And it has no options to fix this. See this Huffington Post page for example:
 * Women’s March Draws Massive Crowds In Cities Across The Nation. Jan. 20, 2018 article.

Adblock Plus, by itself, does not block Twitter embeds on web pages. Even when all its options to block additional tracking are enabled. Only when Firefox options are also set to enable tracking protection are Twitter images and videos blocked from showing up on the page.

If you want to see those Twitter images and videos, you will need to disable tracking protection in Firefox options. At least temporarily. More info:
 * Tracking Protection | Firefox Help.

It is also necessary to uncheck "Only allow ads without third-party tracking" in AdBlock Plus.

You may have to click those Twitter videos 2 or 3 times before they start playing.

Disable “Do Not Track” signal to view videos
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Other videos can be more problematic. On that same Huffington Post page there is a video at the top. To play it you have to do what is described in the previous section. Don't forget to uncheck "Only allow ads without third-party tracking" in AdBlock Plus.

In addition uncheck the option to send a “Do Not Track” signal in Firefox options.

Or use private browsing mode, and "disable tracking protection for this session" for that web page.

You may need to click the video to start it buffering. Then you may or may not need to right-click the video and click "play" in the context menu.

See what happens with videos here:
 * 300,000 People Joined Women's March in Chicago: Organizers. Jan. 21, 2018 article.

You can use Internet Explorer or Chrome without addons (or with addons disabled) if you want to test a page to see what you should be seeing if nothing is blocked.

Anti-virus and anti-malware software
Return to top. See Malware.


 * 23 Free On-Demand Virus Scanners. By Stacy Fisher.

Windows Defender
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 * Windows Defender (WD) is all that's needed in Windows 8 and 10. You may need to turn off sleep in the power control panel. Otherwise the scan may stop or pause. Or use "Don't Sleep" (described elsewhere). WD does not normally seem to be a drain on the PC while running in the background (providing real time protection of the C drive). Can pick other drives or partitions for custom scans. Can exclude folders and files from being scanned. After the scan ends a choice is given for each item to be removed, quarantined, or ignored.


 * Sometimes it gets stuck during cleanup, and is unable to remove the malware it finds. One problem is that Windows Defender may find malware placed in a hidden recycle folder by Malwarebytes. Windows Defender gets stuck trying to recycle something already recycled. To fix the problem delete those hidden recycle folders. Those folders are empty when they are automatically rebuilt. Method 2 in this article works fine (including in Windows 10):
 * Recycle Bin Corrupted - Cannot Delete File or Folder.
 * See also:
 * How To Delete File Permanently Without Sending It To Recycle Bin In Windows 10?
 * It would be nice to have a setting to permanently delete files in the recycle bins (all levels) after a period of time. Say, one week?


 * Windows Defender may still get stuck due to other problems. If so, use another antivirus program. When the other antivirus is installed, Windows Defender will be disabled automatically for many of the most popular antivirus programs. This is necessary since 2 competing antivirus programs can cause many problems, such as sluggishness to the point of locking up the computer.

 (start menu, settings, update and security, Windows security, virus and threat protection, then "virus and threat protection settings", turn off "Real-time protection"). But this is only temporary, and may not be disabled enough. Also, it will turn itself back on in awhile. To truly disable Windows Defender, see:


 * How to disable Windows Defender in Windows 10 temporarily or permanently. By Martin Brinkmann on October 25, 2015. Actually, the title is misleading in that the disabling is only permanent until you reverse the steps discussed.

Microsoft Security Essentials
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 * Microsoft Security Essentials. MSE does not run on Windows versions beyond 7. Free anti-malware tool for computer viruses, spyware, rootkits and trojan horses. Highly rated. Real-time protection or on-demand scans. Real-time protection in MSE can be turned off if desired. That way MSE can be used for on-demand scans of whatever one chooses. The following concerns MSE in Vista. Windows Defender should be disabled in Services. Normally, it is disabled automatically when MSE is first installed. But check in Services (in administrative tools). MSE is not found in Services. Microsoft Antimalware Service is found there, but it can not be disabled even when one uses "run as administrator" to access Services. Also, turn off Windows Defender in the startup tab of system configuration (via msconfig), and not just in Services.


 * Have not found an easy way to turn off automatic definition updates. Even unchecking the relevant items (Windows Defender and Microsoft Security Client) in the startup tab of system configuration (via msconfig) does not stop daily MSE definition updates. Check "view update history" in Windows Update to see the continued MSE definition updates. Malwarebytes (see below) may serve your needs better. Can uninstall MSE, and only use Malwarebytes on demand. That way there are no daily MSE updates. If MSE is uninstalled, be sure to also disable Windows Defender in Services. It is not a good idea to have 2 anti-malware programs enabled. Be sure to hide any definition updates in Windows Update by right-clicking them. That way you will not get further notices in your system tray, and will be less likely to accidentally reinstall MSE, or enable Defender.

Malwarebytes Free
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 * Malwarebytes | Free Anti-Malware & Internet Security Software. See the various downloads.

Sometimes Windows Defender gets stuck during cleanup, and is unable to remove all the malware it finds. In that case try Malwarebytes. Disable Windows Defender before or after installing Malwarebytes (see the previous paragraphs) if you intend to leave Malwarebytes real-time protection on.



Use the highly-rated free version. It can be set to not start up with Windows. It comes with the option to try the premium version a couple weeks. It then reverts to the free version. Either version can be used on demand. The capability for background scanning (real-time protection) is the main thing turned off after the free trial of the premium version has expired.

Even when it says the trial is expired it can still be used for more on-demand scans. At least in my experience months later after I had reinstalled it. I had uninstalled it months before. I installed the latest version months later, and it said "trial expired", but still scanned on demand. There is no need to uninstall it. Just don't launch it before you disable Windows Defender. See info on debilitating sluggishness higher up in the Windows Defender section.

The dashboard under "system" says updates. That currently only seems to update the malware definitions for me. Even if it says "current" recheck it after installing new application updates.

The program itself can be updated even after the trial is over. You can download the latest free version and install it on top of the old version. First try updating via the application tab in settings: "Install application updates". Check for the latest free version number online and see if it is the same number on your installed version after attempting to update it. If it is not the same, then download the latest free version and install it on top of the old version.

Use the custom scan options for choosing specific drives, folders, or files to scan. "Threat scan" takes around 5 minutes. Custom scan of the C drive with all options checked can take around an hour. Custom scan is highly recommended. Choose to only be warned about some items such as P.U.P. (potentially unwanted programs). "Warn user about detections". Use the drop-down menu in custom scan. That way you can choose at the end which ones to remove.

 Go to the power control panel and turn off sleep temporarily. After the scan is finished there will be a list of any malware found. You can then choose which ones to remove, ignore, or quarantine. If you don't remove or quarantine an item, you will be asked whether to ignore it temporarily or permanently when you go to the next step.

Trusteer Rapport
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 * Downloading Trusteer Rapport for Windows.
 *  Trusteer.

Keep PC awake
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Caffeine. Keep PC awake
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 * Caffeine. Zhorn Software. Home page. Can download from there too. Free program.
 * Caffeine - Free download and software reviews - CNET Download.com.

If you want your PC to not go to sleep while you are watching video, listening to audio, etc., then use this. Put the caffeine.exe file anywhere. Create a shortcut to it, and drag it to your desktop, quick launch toolbar, etc.. When you launch it the icon will go to the system tray, and keep your PC awake. Double click it to turn it on and off. It starts off active, and keeps your PC awake. Right click it for options.

"If you have problems with your PC locking or going to sleep, caffeine will keep it awake. It works by simulating a keypress once every 59 seconds, so your machine thinks you're still working at the keyboard, so won't lock the screen or activate the screensaver."

Don't Sleep. Keep PC locked, awake, on task
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 * Don't Sleep. Prevent Shutdown, Stand By, Turn Off, Restart. Free program.

"Don't Sleep" has many options, one of which is to prevent sleep even when the PC is locked. This is useful when you want to be sure that some tasks will finish while you are away from the PC, and don't want anyone or anything to mess with things.

Download the installation file to your desktop, and unzip it to a desktop folder. Create a desktop shortcut to the .exe file. That shortcut can also be dragged and copied to the quick launch taskbar.

If you uncheck "Screensaver / Turn off monitor" in Don't Sleep, then you can also save energy by allowing the monitor to turn off. The setting is remembered in Don't Sleep upon later use.

Make sure "Minimize to tray" is not check-marked in the "Don't Sleep" tab if you close the program via the "x" at the top right. Otherwise, you may not notice for awhile that your PC is on all the time even though the monitor has turned off. When you or someone else moves the mouse or keyboard, then the monitor wakes up. The desktop is visible and unlocked.

Shortcut to lock PC
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Add a "Lock PC" shortcut to the desktop, and drag it to the taskbar too. That way you can quickly launch "Don't sleep, and then lock the PC. See:
 * Create Shutdown / Restart / Lock Icons in Windows 7 or Vista. The lock shortcut works in Windows 10 too.
 * Rundll32.exe User32.dll,LockWorkStation

When you click the lock shortcut the monitor will show a screensaver, login screen, or something similar depending on your settings and version of Windows. So you can walk away from the PC without others seeing what is going on in the background. The monitor will turn off after awhile depending on how many minutes has been set for that.

Sleep mode for PCs
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Show sleep in power menu
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Go to the power control panel. Then to "choose what the power buttons do". Then "change settings that are currently unavailable". Then for sleep check the box "show in power menu". Save changes.

Sleep via power button or power menu
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This is useful in notebooks since hibernation should not be disabled in a notebook. A sleep shortcut on the desktop will not go to sleep in many cases when hibernation is enabled. It hibernates rather than sleeps. In that case label the shortcut "Hibernation" for fast access to hibernation when you will be unplugged for awhile, and want to conserve every little bit of battery power. Hibernation uses zero battery power.

Hibernation takes longer both to hibernate and to wake up from hibernation. And hibernation puts wear and tear on solid-state drives. So set unplugged laptops to automatically go to hibernation only at low battery reserve power levels. Via the power options control panel advanced settings (under battery).

You can use the power button in the start menu to go to sleep instead. And/or the physical power button on your laptop.

In Windows 7 right right-click the start menu and click properties. In the "Power button action" menu choose sleep. This puts sleep at the top of the start menu power button.

For the physical power button on a laptop or PC:
 * Windows: Control panel for power options. In the left sidebar: "Choose what the power buttons do". And then "Power button settings". In a laptop I set them all to sleep.

Various sleep modes
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In true sleep mode PCs only use a few watts (typically 2 to 4 watts). This is sleep mode where the fans are off, and the power button is blinking. RAM is kept active, and so all your browser windows and tabs show up on waking up.

PCs wake up in only a few seconds from sleep mode. Make it easy to go to sleep mode. Make the power button on your PC go to sleep mode instead of shutting the PC off completely. Put a sleep shortcut on your desktop, and also in the quick launch area of your taskbar. Click either one and walk away. Or click the power button on your PC. In 5 to 10 seconds (typically) the PC is asleep.

This is true unless it is hibernation which can take much longer to go to sleep and wake up. Hibernation is mainly for notebooks. Hibernation saves the contents of RAM to the hard drive. So no power is used in hibernation mode.

Waking up from sleep takes only a few seconds. Waking up from hibernation can take 20 to 45 seconds.

Sometimes, depending on your settings, just moving the mouse, or clicking a key on the keyboard will wake up the PC. You choose. Or you can only allow the power button to wake up.

Set idle time before sleep automatically occurs:
 * Windows: Control panel for power options. "Change when the computer sleeps." Set the time before the computer automatically goes to sleep when idle.

Hybrid sleep
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Hybrid sleep keeps your RAM active, and also writes the contents of RAM to the hard drive or SSD. Time to go to hybrid sleep can vary depending on the computer and version of Windows. If it takes 20 to 30 seconds to go to hybrid sleep you may want to just use regular sleep. For example; if you sometimes change your mind about going to sleep, and want to wake up again quickly.

If you are worried about wearing out your SSD, then disable hybrid sleep, and use regular sleep instead. The only advantage of hybrid sleep is if there is a power outage. For most people though that is a rare event. Regular sleep is the fastest to sleep, and to wake up.

To disable hybrid sleep:
 * Windows: Control panel for power options. In sleep settings turn hybrid sleep off. Depending on the computer sleep can occur in 5-8 seconds instead of 20-25 seconds.

Difficulty waking or sleeping
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Theses settings can go either way. Depending on whether you want the PC to sleep on its own, and/or wake up via moving the mouse or keyboard.

Sometimes waking the PC is so difficult that a hard stop (holding down the power button for 10 seconds) is necessary first. Then press the power button again quickly. It starts up from scratch from a cold start.

Change the power button setting to "sleep" in the Power Options control panel. This may fix that problem. A quick press of the power button will either wake up the PC, or put it to sleep.

You may also want the keyboard or mouse to be able to wake up the PC also. See posts 3 and 5 in this thread:
 * Computer won't wake up from sleep - Windows 10 Forums.

See next section for more solutions.

Turn off power-saving functions
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If you are using a desktop PC these power-saving functions serve no purpose except to be flaky at times, and cause all kinds of weird problems. Disable them all.

Open Device Manager. Uncheck "allow the computer to turn off this device to save power".
 * For all devices listed under "Universal Serial Bus Controllers". Right-click the device and go to properties, and then the power management tab. The option shows up mainly for devices with "hub" in their name.
 * For all devices listed under Human Interface Devices.
 * Mice and other input devices.
 * Keyboards.

In device manager. In properties for mice or keyboard check "allow this device to wake the computer" if you want them to wake your PC. Put the computer to sleep and try waking it up by using the keyboard and mouse.

Disable "USB Selective Suspend" in USB settings in Power Options control panel. See this article and its comments:
 * How to Fix an Annoying Windows USB Problem.

Turn off Link State Power Management:
 * What is Link State Power Management under PCI Express in the Power - Microsoft Community

Sleep timer not working
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In some computers the mouse can prevent the sleep timer from working. The PC will not go to sleep after the specified number of minutes has passed with the computer idle. In device manager for the mouse try unchecking "allow this device to wake the computer". This sometimes allows the computer to go to sleep on its own.

Sleep shortcut on quick launch and desktop
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'''Sleep via start menu > power menu. This almost always works.''' Sleep via a sleep shortcut on the taskbar or desktop sometimes just will not work right no matter what you do.

Sleep from the start menu can be different from sleep via a sleep shortcut on the desktop or taskbar. Try out the sleep shortcuts below and if they don't go to true sleep with the fans off, or if they go to hibernation instead, then you will have to disable hibernation, and you may also have to change a BIOS setting from S1 to S3. The BIOS change is not possible or necessary on many computers.

Right click desktop, New, Shortcut, Location:
 * rundll32.exe powrprof.dll,SetSuspendState 0,1,0
 * Name it "Sleep".
 * Choose icon by right-clicking shortcut, then to properties, and choose icon. For icons browse to:


 * C:\Windows\System32\shell32.dll - has yield sign with bolder exclamation point.
 * C:\Windows\System32\imageres.dll
 * Or see linked articles below. More icons: Where to find most of Windows 10's native icons.

The above shortcut may not work unless hibernation is turned off. All it may do is to turn off the PC completely. It may not be a good idea to turn off hibernation on a laptop. Otherwise even sleep may drain the battery completely over time. Hibernation uses no power. So laptops (when unplugged) can be set to go to sleep first, and then into hibernation mode later in order to conserve battery power.

So the simplest laptop solution may be to keep hibernation enabled, and to set the laptop to go to sleep upon closing the lid, or upon clicking the power button. On laptops you may be able to see if it is truly sleep by the slow blinking of the power button, and/or an LED light on the side of the laptop. The laptop may wake up instantly upon opening the lid, and you may think it never went to sleep. But you can tell by the blinking LED on the side before you open the lid.

Disable hibernation for sleep to work
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As stated in the previous section this is probably not a good idea for laptops. It is a good idea for PCs.


 * PowerCfg - The hidden energy and battery tool for Windows you're not using.

In some computers this is the only thing that needs to be changed for sleep (without fans) to work. Sometimes the PC has to be restarted for this to work.

This is especially necessary for getting sleep shortcuts to work correctly. Otherwise the shortcut activates hibernation or shutdown, instead of sleep. Hibernation uses absolutely no power, but can take a full 45 seconds or more to wake up in some PCs.
 * Windows: Right-click Command Prompt (in Accessories or Windows System) and select Run as administrator. At the resulting command prompt, type powercfg -hibernate off and then press ENTER. This removes both hybrid sleep and hibernate from the sleep setting in the power options control panel (if they are listed there to begin with).
 * To reenable: powercfg -hibernate on

In Windows 10 a fast way to the command prompt is by searching for "command". Then right click it to run as administrator. See: 10 Ways to Open the Command Prompt in Windows 10

More info:
 * Create One Click Shortcut for sleep in Windows 10 - YouTube. 49 second video with instructions repeated in description.
 * Create Shutdown / Restart / Lock Icons in Windows 7 or Vista. They work in Windows 10 too.
 * How do I place a SLEEP shortcut on Windows 10 desktop - Windows 10 Forums. And: Windows 10 sleep shortcut. Forum.
 * Activate (or turn off) Hybrid Sleep on Windows PCs - For Dummies.
 * Comparing Sleep, Hibernation, and Hybrid Sleep on Windows • TekRevue.
 * Sleep and hibernation: frequently asked questions. Microsoft.

If needed, change from S1 to S3 in BIOS
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 * Tweak Your Windows PC's Sleep Mode. PCWorld. "S3 is typically the default Standby/Sleep mode, while S4 is usually the default Hibernate mode. To access S3 or S4, simply click Start and then click the triangle next to the Shut Down button. ... S1 sleep mode uses about 112 watts to S3's 5 watts, so it isn't as easy on your electric bill (or for laptop users, your battery) as S3 is."

Stop mouse or keyboard from waking PC
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 * Stop the Mouse From Waking Up Your Computer from Sleep Mode. Only seems to work with USB mice and keyboards. Not PS/2. A PS/2 to USB adapter solves the problem. If both the mouse and keyboard are PS/2, they both have to use an adapter (or the same one). For some reason if only the mouse is connected via an adapter, this does not work. Both need the adapter, and both must uncheck the box in the power management tab as described in the article (device manager control panel, properties, power management, "allow this device to wake the computer"). And the PC must be restarted before it works. See this search for this combined adapter. An example here.

If the keyboard is PS/2 and the mouse is USB, it is OK to connect them both without adapters. Only the keyboard will wake up the computer if "allow this device to wake the computer" is unchecked in the power management tab of the mouse. Bumping the keyboard or the surface it is on will not wake the PC. Only clicking a key will wake the PC. If you don't want the keyboard to wake the PC in any circumstance, then use an adapter, and uncheck the box.

Mouse, etc. may be stopping timer sleep
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Sleep mode without fans on may work via the power button or a sleep shortcut. But sometimes the PC will not go to sleep via the sleep timer in the power options control panel.

In this case the solution for some PCs is to uncheck "allow this device to wake the computer" in the power management tabs of various devices listed in the device manager control panel. Uncheck it for mice, keyboards, network adapters, etc..

Restart the PC and reset the timer to one minute, and wait to see if the PC goes to sleep on its own in a couple minutes. If it does, you can check "allow this device to wake the computer" for one device, restart the PC, and wait a couple minutes. Keep doing that with different devices until you figure out which device is keeping the PC awake. Write down the name and type of plug it uses (PS2 or USB).

The problem is often the USB mouse.

See forum:: Has anyone else noticed that their computer no longer goes to sleep automatically after updating to Windows 10?

In some old PCs sleep does not work
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With some old computers nothing works for getting them to enter sleep mode with the fans off.

Icon for desktop shortcut and quick launch
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Right-click the shortcut, and then "properties", and then "change icon". Browse these directories to choose an icon:
 * C:\Windows\System32\shell32.dll
 * C:\Windows\System32\imageres.dll

For more info:
 * Customize Your Icons in Windows 7 and Vista.

Sleep mode and Away mode
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See the multimedia settings ("when sharing media") of the advanced power settings. There are 3 choices. One is "allow the computer to sleep." This may be necessary for the power button to put the PC completely to sleep. Not sure.


 * Improve Your Media Center PC's Power Management with Away Mode.
 * SwySoft - Sleepless HTPC.
 * Power Options - Add or Remove "Allow Away Mode Policy".

Password upon waking. Turn on or off
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 * Make Windows 10 PC require password on wakeup from Sleep.
 * Windows 7 not asking for password upon wakeup from sleep mode.

Startup password. Turn on or off
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 * How To Automatically Login In Windows 10.
 * Create a Password in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP.

Lock and sleep mode with one shortcut
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This is unnecessary if you are able to set the PC to require a password upon waking. So the sleep shortcut is enough in that case.

This works in Vista, and maybe in Windows 7:

@echo off cd "C:\Windows\System32" start rundll32.exe User32.dll,LockWorkStation

cd "C:\Windows\System32" start rundll32.exe Powrprof.dll,SetSuspendState Sleep

exit

Save the above in Notepad as a text file. Name it something like Lock-sleep.txt and then change the ending to .bat instead of .txt
 * Lock-sleep.bat

Double-click it to first lock your PC, and then put it to sleep.

Save this file anywhere. Right-click it and send it to your desktop as a shortcut. Drag it from your desktop to your quick launch bar.

For more info:
 * Launch Multiple Programs From A Single Shortcut Using A Batch File.

Windows 10. Wakes up for updates
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The PC will sometimes wake up on its own in order to finish an update, or restart after an update. See: Start menu, settings, update and security, Windows Update. Change the active hours as necessary.

Turn off fast start, fast boot, quick boot
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These are 3 different functions. All of these can cause problems, and are unnecessary if you use sleep most of the time.

When you do a full restart or cold start, then you do not want to skip any tests via these functions. So turn them off.

In BIOS make sure all quick boot functions are disabled.

Disabling hibernate (see elsewhere on this page) also disables fast start. Another way without disabling hibernate:
 * How to disable Windows 10 fast startup (and why you'd want to).

In windows 10 you may or may not want to turn off the fast reboot option during Windows Updates. Select the Start button, select Settings > Update & security > Windows Update > Advanced options > Sign-in options, and then deselect the check box next to "Use my sign in info to automatically finish setting up my device after an update."

Shared PC. No login or lock screens
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Windows 7, 8, and 10:


 * Disable login after Sleep in Windows 10/8/7.

See also: "Choose what the power button does" in the power options control panel. Then "Change settings that are currently unavailable." Then: "Don't require a password." This gets rid of the login screen and the opening image upon waking up the PC. It wakes up straight to the desktop.

Windows 10:

This article is clearer than the info below.
 * Automatically log in to your Windows 10 PC - CNET.

Enter netplwiz in "Run". Run is under Windows System in all apps. Uncheck the box next to "Users must enter a user name and password to use this computer." Click Apply. This is key. A new window labeled "Automatically sign in" will pop up. Type your password twice and then click OK. A blank password does not work. One easy password is to use the same word as your user name. That way if you mess up and somehow require a password later on, then it is more likely you will remember it, even if you forget where you stored it for safekeeping.

Your computer will now bypass the log-in page when you turn on your PC. You can also change your sign-in options so that Windows will never require you to sign in after your PC wakes from sleep by going to Settings > Accounts > Sign-in options. Also, on the right is "Lock screen". Click it. There you can turn the lock screen background image on or off. And adjust screen timeout, and screen saver settings.

More info:
 * Youtube: How to disable Windows 10 Login password & Lock Screen - Free Simple Step.

Linux Mint
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Convert computers that are using unsupported versions of Windows (Windows XP and before) to Linux Mint. See: Linux Mint. It is free. Updates are free. Linux Mint is the most popular version of Linux for individual users. Installation is very fast. Under one hour total (including updates).

Browsers are installed with it. The PCs work fine for web browsing, Youtube, etc..

There are 4 desktops to choose from for Linux Mint. Xfce is best for the oldest computers and laptops. Cinnamon has more features.

Windows 7 and 10 can be found cheap
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Google search: Windows 10 free upgrade. For info on the 'assistive technologies' based free upgrade from Windows 7 and 8.1 to Windows 10. As of Dec. 31, 2017 the offer to upgrade from either version of Windows to Win10 for free will end. For more info see this article:
 * Free Windows 10 upgrade offer’s days are numbered By Woody Leonhard, Columnist, Computerworld. Oct 31, 2017. There is another remaining free upgrade path: "As Paul Thurrott noted yesterday on Thurrott.com, Microsoft still allows you to perform a clean install of Win10 on any machine and validate it with an unused Windows 7 or 8.1 product key."

The product key used by your current Windows operating system can be found with ProduKey (see article). See also:
 * 22 Free Product Key Finder Programs. By Tim Fisher. August 16, 2017.
 * Frequently Asked Questions About Key Finder Programs. By Tim Fisher.

Write down your product key, and file it. Also, put it on a label on the PC so you have it when the computer crashes and only a clean install of the operating system will fix the PC. There are installer disks for any version of Windows that can be bought for under $10 on Ebay. For example; search for "windows 7 install disk". Only buy from people with 99% or better ratings who have been around at least 6 months. Read their bad ratings to see what kind of problems they have had. So that the installer disks are legitimate, and without malware. The installer disks do not include product keys. You may already have one. If not, you can buy a legitimate product key for under $10 on Ebay. See info farther down.

 Windows 7 editions. Windows 7 is a great operating system, especially for older PCs that are incompatible, or not fast enough, for Windows 10.

Go to ebay.com and search for the Windows version you want. For example; search for "Windows 7 Home key", "Windows 7 Pro key", "Windows 7 Ultimate key", "Windows 10 Pro key", etc.. Scroll down several pages as needed. Working product keys for any of the above can be purchased for under $10. Even under $5. Try sorting by "price + shipping: lowest first".

Check the rating of the seller, and only buy from sellers with ratings above 99%, or even 99.5%. Only buy from sellers who have been around at least 6 months. Then you will know that the key will last for awhile at least. Ebay ratings can not be changed by users once the user leaves a rating. Most do this within the first month after purchasing something. So users who get a product key that lasts only a few months will not be able to change their initial rating. So seller ratings are not an accurate representation of longterm use of the product keys they sell.

Know the difference between a product key and an installer disk. Windows can be installed for free, but without an activated product key Windows Update will stop working after a period of time. Possibly around 30 days. It depends. So install a product key before that to avoid catching some malware due to the lack of security updates.

Product keys may work for a few months and then you might get a message on your screen saying it is not genuine. Something like "Windows 7. Build 7601. This copy of Windows is not genuine". That is why it is good not to spend more than $5 for a product key on Ebay. The message can sometimes be overturned, and the life of the current product key extended. See this Google search, and some results: For Windows 7 it’s a temporary fix, and lasts a month. You can do this 3 times according to some articles. The page linked just above applies mainly to Windows 7. It looks like it is possible to replace one product key with another. So you don't have to reinstall the operating system. So it may be possible to use another cheap product key for another 6 months. I do not know.
 * slmgr rearm
 * How to fix Windows 7 Not Genuine Error build 7600 / 7601.
 * How to Use Slmgr to Change, Remove, or Extend Your Windows License.

Some of the product keys that last temporarily as described above may be MSDN product keys. See:
 * Google search: Windows 7 MSDN product keys.
 * Google search: What are MSDN keys.

Get an installer disk that has all versions of Windows 7 (for example). That way you can try the 64-bit version that allows your PC to use more than 4 gigabytes of RAM. You can open up a lot more tabs in your browser with more RAM. If your PC can not handle the 64-bit version of Windows 7, then install 32-bit Windows 7. The 32 bit version can only use 3.3 gigabytes of RAM. Use the same product key since it is the same PC, and the product keys are usually for both 32 bit and 64 bit versions. A PC with a full 4 GB or more of RAM (via 64 bit Windows) can be much faster than a PC limited to 3.3 GB of RAM (due to 32 bit Windows). Even the difference between 3.3 GB and 4 GB of RAM can make a big difference in whether a PC is worth using.

It is not necessary to buy an installer disk or flash stick. You can create one yourself.

Download Windows 10 from Microsoft here.

Download Windows 7 from a DigitalRiver mirror site such as this one:
 * http://mirror.corenoc.de/digitalrivercontent.net - the "N" versions do not contain Windows Media Player. See: Windows 7 editions. "En" is English. "x64" is 64-bit, and allows more than 4 GB of memory. "x86" is 32-bit only. The "U" version contains a hotfix that fixes an installation problem on some PCs.

That site has the same files and checksums as the original site. Download the file. You can use this easy torrent addon for Firefox:
 * Torrent Tornado.

After downloading verify the file integrity by comparing its actual checksum with the checksum on the site list. Use a free utility such as this one:
 * MD5 & SHA Checksum Utility - Free download and software reviews - CNET Download.com

Create an installer DVD, or USB flash stick installer:
 * Windows USB/DVD Download Tool.

Windows 10 works on more PCs nowadays
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If you gave up on Windows 10 awhile back and returned to Windows 7 or 8, you might want to try Windows 10 again now. It works on more PCs than in the past. More working drivers have been built in to its installer. More drivers are installed automatically via Windows Update. It is easy to create Windows 10 installation media. See:
 * Download Windows 10..

The same media creation tool includes more and more Windows updates as time progresses. This is true even though the small setup program has the same name for long periods of time.

Of course you need to have a Windows 10 product key, or you need to have created a Microsoft account when you first installed Windows 10 on that PC. If you did, then you can install Windows 10 now and still be legal with an activated Windows 10 just by signing in to Microsoft from that PC. It is usually done with your email address and a password. If you forgot your password you can have a temporary one sent to that email address.

More RAM can be found cheap
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Windows 7 and above works better with at least 4 full gigabytes of RAM. Anything less will cause web browsing to be much slower. Less tabs can be opened. Going back and forth between tabs is slower. Browser will lock up more often.

So be sure to use a 64 bit version of Windows (see above section) since it can use a full 4 gigabytes of RAM and more. 32 bit versions of Windows can only use around 3.3 GB maximum of RAM. See this Google search for more info.

Find cheap RAM on Ebay. The cheapest comes directly from China. Around 11 days shipping. Shipping is usually free. As usual only buy from sellers with 99%+ ratings. For example; you can get 4 gigabytes (2 times 2 GB) of DDR2 RAM for under $10 total. Be sure to check the maximum amount of RAM your motherboard will allow, and what kind of RAM it uses (DDR versus DDR2 versus DDR3).

Some old PCs can only use a maximum of 4 GB. So you might fill those 4 slots with 1 GB each of RAM. If the PC only has 2 slots total, then fill them with 2 GB each of RAM.

Many old PCs max out at 8 GB total, and have 4 memory slots. Don't buy 1 gigabyte RAM for those PCs. That limits your future options. A 6 GB PC can be much faster and more functional than a 4 GB PC (4 slots at 1 GB each).

If the PC currently has 2 gigabytes total of RAM, then there are usually at least 2 slots open. Fill them with 4 gigabytes (2 times 2 GB). You end up with a total of 6 GB.

If the PC can accept up to 16 GB total of RAM, then fill those 2 open slots with 4 GB each. The more RAM, the more tabs you can leave open, and the more things you can run at the same time. Only do this if it is cheaper to get this PC functional at a total cost cheaper than buying a used PC on Ebay.

Used PCs on Ebay can be incredibly cheap. Get a "Buy it now" PC rather than bidding. Bidding is time-consuming, and unnecessary since many people sell used PCs with a fair (or dirt cheap) "Buy it now" price. Many businesses sell or give away many old PCs to refurbishers who sell them cheap on Ebay. As usual only buy from sellers with 99%+ ratings.

Google Toolbar and site search
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 * Google Toolbar. Search the whole web, or a single web site (the one currently being viewed in the browser tab). This site search is what makes Google Toolbar very useful, especially in Internet Explorer since it may not have the site search addons that Firefox has. If the text is too small in the search form, just click the relevant search button with nothing in the form. This takes you fast to the relevant Google search page where the search form does not have small text. For example; click the Search Site button, the Google News button, the Google Maps button, etc.. Ctrl-click to open in a new tab. You can choose multiple buttons to add to the toolbar. Click toolbar options to choose.

Software and sites of interest
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 * 7-Zip. Free zip program that works with many formats including RAR files. Combine RAR files.
 * Block IntelliTXT inline popup ads. Bing, etc.. Enter relevant domains and subdomains into the hosts file. See explanation and URLs to add. Copy from this plain-text list starting with # [Vibrant Media] until the next pound # symbol.
 * Blogger.com - Google's popular, free blog hosting. See Features. Enable the new editor in settings to get a larger, adjustable edit window.
 * CCleaner (also known as Crap Cleaner). This is very useful for cleaning out the C drive/partition before doing a full image backup of it with Macrium Reflect Free (see below) or other backup software. CCleaner can also do full wipes, or free-space-only wipes, of drives and partitions. 1 to 35 passes. It may not see external drives unless you turn them on AFTER starting CCleaner. For a good summary of options when using it see here. The article suggests not using the Registry Cleaner. Let it remove all cookies now and then. It finds many cookies not easily found. If you don't want it running in the background, then turn off all monitoring, and all startup activities (such as the registry cleaner). Updating CCleaner is easy. New versions can be installed on top of the old version. When installing CCcleaner uncheck the box to install Google Toolbar at the same time. Install Google Toolbar separately if you want it. It does not seem to be the latest version when it is installed by CCleaner. Important options can be missing.
 * ChartGo.com - create charts and graphs online for free. Can paste in lists of chart data without special formatting. See also:
 * Commons:Chart and graph resources. See section about free online charting sites.
 * CPU-Z. See CPU-Z. CPU-Z is a freeware that gathers information on some of the main devices of your system.
 * Disable caps lock and Windows keys. "Works with all modern Windows variants: Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, 8/8.1. It will not work with Windows 95/98/Me." - Reboot the PC after applying the fix. Stops the annoyance of wayward key presses. Make the caps lock key act as another shift key. Disable the left Windows key. This can be useful in some games to avoid wayward key presses pulling you out of the game. If you disable both the left and right-side Windows keys then you will not be able to use many keyboard shortcuts such as Win or "Win+D" to get to the desktop. In that case to minimize a game window click ctrl-alt-delete to pop up the task manager. Then go to the Windows tab and click "minimize". In some games this only works when the video option for "windowed" or "borderless" is being used within the game settings. A better tool may be SharpKeys:
 * SharpKeys - CNET Download.com. Later version is currently found on the GitHub download page. It is a safe program. To verify this scan it with Windows Defender, etc. before installing it. Donate | randyrants.com. See: - GitHub - randyrants/sharpkeys. "SharpKeys is a utility that manages a Registry key that allows Windows to remap one key to any other key". See: SharpKeys | randyrants.com. "As it relies on internal support within Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, or Windows 10 you must be running one of these OS’s for this Registry hack to work." Download and install. Easy way to remap keys, turn them off, reset them all, etc.. Besides remapping the caps lock key, on some PCs I also turn off the left Windows key, and leave the right one on. That way the left Windows key does not interfere with game play. I can use the right Windows key for Windows key shortcuts . Launch SharpKeys and click on "add". Then click "type key" on the left. Then click the caps lock key on your keyboard. Click OK. Then click "type key" on the right side. Then click the left shift key on your keyboard. Or click "turn key off" in the menu.
 * Driver Booster Free. It analyzes your PC for out-of-date drivers -- and updates them with a click. Its default setting is to only use WHQL-certified drivers.
 * Driver Easy. . Free version can only do one driver at a time. But it sometimes finds drivers that Driver Booster does not find. They may not be WHQL-certified drivers though. Read the fine print before installing a driver. Its compatibility with your operating system may be questionable. See help. And: Install Drivers.
 * Email Extractor. Good for extracting all the email addresses from detailed city lists.
 * Firefox browser. It has a built-in spellchecker.
 * gBurner Virtual Drive. Free utility designed for creating and managing virtual CD / DVD drives. Easily access your favorite games, music, or software programs.
 * Graboid Video. Graboid Video grabs video online from a variety of intermediary sites.
 * ImgBurn. Free, popular, CD-DVD-Blu-ray burner. For burning an ISO file to a disk for example. See How to Format in ImgBurn | eHow. See ImgBurn. See |&filterName=licenseName%3DFree|&rpp=&sort= other free popular burners. Windows 7, 8, and 10 have the built-in Windows Disc Image Burner.
 * Keep Display On. For watching videos. Prevents the display from going into screensaver mode. Click on, click off.
 * KompoZer. WYSIWYG web page editor. Use the latest beta version. Don't install the English language pack. It comes with the program.


 * Macrium Reflect Free Edition. Quickly create a disk image backup (compressed to only a few gigabytes) of an O.S. partition or an entire hard drive. Do it soon after a clean install of the operating system (O.S.). Reinstall the backup in a few minutes after erasing and wiping a buggy O.S. partition or drive. This saves hours compared to a clean install of the O.S.. Tutorials: 1. 2. Use CCleaner (see above) to clean out things before doing a backup. Use Disk Cleanup too (in Windows Administrative Tools). Right click it to run as administrator. Then you can delete the RetailDemo Offline Content, and Delivery Optimization Files too.
 * Media players. At CNET. For example; VLC is regularly among the top 5 free media players (by downloads in the last week). See its listing there, and above and below here.
 * NoteTab Light. Freeware text editor useful for alphabetizing city lists, counting the cities, and removing bracketed info.
 * Partition Master Free Edition (Easeus). . Format, partition, repartition drives. Merge or extend partitions. Change the partition type. Much more.
 * Partition Wizard Home Edition. Higher rated at CNET than the above partitioning tool. Free tool for creating, resizing, or wiping hard drive partitions. Create a data partition. Make an active O.S. partition smaller or larger. From within this program. Use with Macrium Reflect to create more versatile O.S. backups. See also: free bootable edition . Useful for fixing problems.
 * Remove Duplicate Lines. Good for removing duplicate email addresses, etc..
 * SlimDrivers Free. Finds drivers that Windows Update may not provide. It then provides one-click installation for each of those drivers. I currently use Driver Booster Free (see higher up) instead of this program.
 * Speccy. See Speccy. Download here, or:  Speccy - CNET Download.com. "Fast, lightweight, advanced system information tool for your PC." Hardware and software info. Including operating system info. "Serial Number" (in the operating system section) is NOT always the product key for Windows. For info on product keys see the section called something like "Windows 7 and 10 can be found cheap."
 * SyncBack Free. See downloads page. Incremental backup or syncing of data partitions or folders to other hard drives (internal, external, network, etc.). The beauty of SyncBack Free is that the copy it makes to an external hard drive is an exact copy. So even if your computers completely crash, you can immediately access your data by connecting the drive to any computer available. You don't necessarily need a separate data partition on your computer. You can use your operating system drive or partition. Just put all your documents, files, audio files, video files, etc. in one folder. Call it "Data" or something short. Then just regularly do incremental backups every few weeks of just that folder. Only takes me around 5 minutes, and my data folder is around 100 gigabytes. The backup is fast because SyncBack only has to update the changes since the last backup. I only turn on the external drive when doing the incremental backup, so it can not be easily hacked. Don't forget to check "disable hibernate/standby" in the preferences menu. Otherwise your computer may go to sleep in the middle of a SyncBack backup. Then later when you notice it you will have to continue with the backup from where is paused. Usually this does not break the backup. If so, you can start the backup from the beginning. So nothing is lost except time. Depending on the PC it may be necessary to turn off sleep temporarily in the power control panel. Or use "Don't Sleep" (described elsewhere).
 * VLC Media Player. Scroll down past the ads to get to the 32-bit and 64-bit versions. A top 5 player at CNET. VLC media player. Download here too. That page also has a donation link.
 * Web Photo Gallery Creation and Automation Tools. Many freeware tools listed too.
 * Windows Disc Image Burner. Built in to Windows. Burn ISO images in Windows 7,8, and 10. Mount them in Windows 8 and 10. For Vista and earlier Windows operating systems see ImgBurn info listed higher up.
 * Windows Essentials Media Codec Pack. A set of software codecs for viewing and listening to many forms of media in Windows Media Player. Useful for viewing movie and other video DVDs, etc..
 * Windows startup programs. What are they? Are they required? How can I disable them? A long list of startup items. Download the free "full-list zip" file.
 * Wisgary.com - Wordcount calculator. Paste in text online. Counts words, lines, characters.
 * Wordpress.com - Popular, free blog hosting with minimal ads. It is not just a blog. It allows pages, too, with blogs as a sub-page.
 * ZoneAlarm Free Firewall. Controls both inbound and outbound traffic. Or use Windows Firewall. Use with above list of startup items to take back control of your computer.

Firefox options, search, home pages
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Automatic login to some sites
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It is good when one can edit a site immediately upon going to the site. For example; Wikia, Wikipedia, Commons, etc.. Normally the Firefox settings described in the following sections allow that to happen. But sometimes one has to click the login button upon returning after closing and reopening Firefox. Deleting the possibly corrupted cookie folders from the profile folder does not help. Reinstalling Firefox may not help either. It can be baffling as to what is preventing auto-login from working. The problem may come and go. Fortunately, Firefox usually remembers the usernames and passwords, and fills them in for you, so that you can easily log in again. See the next section.

Zombie cookies, respawning
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There are many invasive cookies, and persistent trackers. See: local shared object, zombie cookie, evercookie, device fingerprint, Panopticlick, and Firefox tracking options. See: Amid NSA Outrage, Big Tech Companies Plan to Track You Even More Aggressively by Ryan Tate, 11 Oct 2013, in Wired. See persistent tracking – Ashkan Soltani.

Google's persistent tracking
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Some of this info may be old:

'''First, go to Firefox options, general tab, "When Firefox starts". Pick "Show a blank page".''' On that same general tab keep the Firefox home page set for Google search. Put the home page icon in one of your Firefox toolbars for easy access. This way you have easy access to Google search, but only on your terms and timing. Do not allow google.com and youtube.com in your Firefox cookie exceptions.

'''Google respawns its cookies. Google is technically able to cross-reference cookies across its information-rich product line to make dossiers on individuals. Google owns Youtube, DoubleClick, AdMob, etc..

Delete tabs for Google search, profile, Google Plus, Gmail, etc. when you are done. When no Google pages are showing then there is some hope that the "Self-Destructing Cookies" addon will be able to delete all the Google cookies and LSOs. Let it delete LocalStorage too.

Google tracking is hard to kill. It is amazing how one's Gmail or Google profile name or icon shows up at the top of the Google home page even after deleting Google's regular cookies. See local shared object, zombie cookie, evercookie.

After signing out of your Google and Youtube profiles (by deleting all Google-related tabs) you can use Google search a little more anonymously. Google will add more cookies, but not necessarily tied to your Google profile and dossier. But you never know.

If all else fails go to Firefox tools, options, privacy, show cookies. Remove all the Google cookies.

Multiple Google accounts
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Some of this info is old:

Click on the personalized Google ID icon at the top, and sign out from the dropdown menu. Then you can choose another of your Google or Google Mail accounts to sign into. You might need to delete the tab first.

If your PC can be accessed by others, then when you leave, you must close all the Firefox windows.

It is the only way I know of to sign out of the Firefox password manager. I need to study logging in and out of Windows as another option. I need to study Firefox profiles too.

Google zombie cookies are not deleted in many cases until all Firefox windows are closed. This depends on having your Firefox options set up as described elsewhere on this page. For example; the options involved with clearing history upon closing all Firefox windows.

If you have more than one Google account (for example; for your real name, and various alias names) then it may be a good idea to not let Google know of the other accounts. I don't think it is possible though to prevent this consolidation of info by Google. You can try the following.

You can go to tools, options, privacy, show cookies. Remove the accounts.google.com cookie. That is the Google cookie in question.

Then open a new tab. Go to the Google Mail or Google Account sign in page. You can then choose what accounts to sign into from the dropdown menu. Instead of using the "another account" link. This assumes you have enabled Firefox to remember logins: tools, options, security, remember logins for sites. Be sure to use a master password too. So that when you close all Firefox windows no one can access your password list.

If you just want to remove that annoying personalized Google ID icon that shows up at the top of any Google search page, but without closing all browser windows, then log out by clicking that icon, and signing out from the dropdown menu. Or remove the plain "google.com" cookie: tools, options, privacy, show cookies.

Posting Youtube comments directly

 * Note: This info may be out of date.

Set to never accept third-party cookies. Instead allow apis.google.com in exceptions. Only need to "allow for session". This works by itself. Top-level comments show up fine. Nothing else is necessary to post top-level comments directly in Youtube comments after logging in. Click "newest first" in the dropdown tab to see your latest top-level comment. For more info see this thread, and this.

Unfortunately though, comments in reply to other comments do not always show up in the logical location, and may not show up at all. And what you see may be different depending on whether you are logged in or not. The brainless idiots at Youtube often (not always) only show your reply as just another top-level comment, and not in a logical threaded format. The truly exasperating part is that sometimes replies do show up in a logical threaded format. There is nothing, and I mean nothing, you can do about it. See here, and here, about these longterm problems. Some of your comment replies may show up if you click "newest first" in the dropdown tab just above the comments. But not always. It seems that the person you are replying to will get notified of your reply if they allow notifications. But whether anybody else sees the comment reply in the logical order (or at all) depends on whether it is considered "a top comment", and even that may take awhile. Reloading the page sometimes helps. Waiting awhile sometimes helps. But nothing works consistently.

URLs in comments cause many of these baffling problems. One sees the comment after one posts it. But log out and reload the page and the comment is gone. This seems to be Youtube's way of dealing with spam. ''' URLs are not allowed in comments. ''' Youtube uses deception and confusion to fight spam. Comments with URLs are hidden from everybody but the original poster of the comment. So that person has less incentive to copy and paste messages with URLs to multiple comments. They quit sooner thinking they have successfully posted their comment. See here and here.

Search tools
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The search bar at the top right of the Firefox browser opens the result list in the same tab by default. Use ctrl-click to open in a new tab. This ability to open results in a new tab only works for the default search engine. Otherwise searches open in the same tab. You can see the default search engine by looking above the list of suggestions.

You can add more search engines. See here. You can do searches without having to go to the search home page first.

The URL address bar (location bar) at the top can also be used for searches. For more info go here and here. Those pages also explain how to turn off domain guessing and URL auto-completion in the location bar. At about:config:
 * browser.fixup.alternate.enabled - set its value to false.
 * browser.urlbar.autofill - set its value to false.
 * browser.urlbar.autofill.typed - set its value to false.

Be sure there is no space at the end of the above entries, or they will not show up in about:config.

Recommended Firefox search addons
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Firefox addons:


 * Add search engines to the searchbar. If you want more choices than what Firefox provides you can add other search engines easily to the searchbar. Go to the page with the search engine. Click the icon on the left side of the searchbar. From the popup menu click on the search engine to be added. It will now be on the list of search engines you can choose from.


 * Search Site WE. For Firefox 57 or later.


 * Context Search. Currently not compatible with Firefox 57 or later, as of this writing. Very popular. Select any text, right click, and search from your installed search engines (same as the ones at the top right of browser). You choose from a submenu. Search opens in a new tab by default.


 * Search Site. Currently not compatible with Firefox 57 or later, as of this writing. It uses the current Firefox default search engine you have selected in tools > options > search. A good reason to make Google your default search engine. The addon has an option to "Show 'Search Site' icon". It is a good idea to always show the green icon in the search bar. In the addon options check the box for "show 'search site' menu". This menu allows you to choose in the context menu whether to search within the subdomain or within the entire domain. There is also an option to specify which one is the default site search. To initiate a site search using the search bar, type the search terms into the search bar, and then left-click the green icon. The results show up in the current tab by default. Use ctrl-click to open results in a new tab. You can right-click the green icon, and then in the popup menu select either Within subdomain or Within entire domain. You can also select text on a page, and then right click the selection to do a site search from the popup context menu. Choose "search site for selection". Use ctrl-click to open results in a new tab.


 * Site Searcher. Adds a "Search this site" button. It can be moved around. It allows you to search the subdomain of the website you are on. When clicked, Google will be opened in a new tab. This is true no matter what the default search engine is in the search bar on the right.


 * Searchbar Autosizer. Currently not compatible with Firefox 57 or later, as of this writing. Increases search bar width once you start typing into it, or pasting into it. Adjustable widths in addon options. Search bar width shrinks when done to whatever size you set in options.

Do not use the following. The addons were buggy. See reviews to see if they have been fixed.


 * Site Search. Replaces the site search function of Google Toolbar. Select text and right click to search from context menu. Search can be set to open in a new tab. There is also an optional toolbar to enter search terms in.
 * QuickWiki. Quick lookup in Wiktionary and Wikipedia. Select word or phrase and right click. Context menu gives choice to open up a quick definition popup from Wiktionary, or a quick popup of the intro from a Wikipedia article. Other options are to open up the Wiktionary or Wikipedia articles in a new tab.

Find-on-page addons
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 * Find Button. Adds a button to open and close the FindBar. Can drag button to other locations. No longer needed. It now comes with Firefox.
 * Find All. Searches for a word or phrase on a web page, and displays the results in an easy to view list. Can click on a line in the list to go to that location on the page.
 * FindBar Tweak. Find all uses of a word or phrase on a page, or on all tabs. Many options. It is also good for counting the number of entries in a wikitext list. Count the number of asterisks or hash tags. Works best if there is a space after them before the list item. This distinguishes asterisks before links (no space), and asterisks before list items.

Plain Firefox home page with search
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If annoying, click-away popups cover needed parts of the Google home page, or they distract you, or if some days you find the doodles annoying or slow-loading, there are things you can do. You can get rid of the popups and clickouts by using this Firefox addon:
 * YesScript. It is a JavaScript blacklist that is activated by an on-off icon. Click it off for the Google home page, and that setting and site is remembered. You can click it on later if desired. Unfortunately, it is set for the whole site, and not just a particular page. The icon can be dragged to any toolbar at the top or bottom of Firefox: View menu, toolbars, customize.

You can also try other pages as your home page in your browser. Such as search.yahoo.com

It seems that the various Google home pages (Search, News, etc.) have gone to hell at times, especially since Marissa Mayer left Google in July 2012. Wikipedia: "She also oversaw the layout of Google's famous, unadorned search homepage."

Google News is worse at times. Titles can be too short. Advanced news search, and archive search of news, can be difficult or impossible to find, or to use. Enter some search terms and do a news search. Then click on "search tools" to sort by time, date, etc..

For an alternative at times try Yahoo News. It can be sorted by time after the initial news search.

Other options:
 * Firefox's default home page with Google search.
 * bing.com/?rb=0 - Bing without background image. It is a Bing home page without any images at all. It is URL based and not cookie based. So it does not matter if you regularly delete all cookies.
 * StartPage.com - anonymous Google searches. To keep the settings cookie see here.


 * Bookmark BBC News, Yahoo News, etc. if the Google News home page also has popups that are too annoying.

Custom toolbar buttons
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Ended up not using these addons:
 * Toolbar Buttons.
 * Toolbar Buttons. Customized selection. From Codefisher.org. For example; here is a possible selection of buttons from many choices: "A customized version of Toolbar Buttons including the buttons: Bookmark Manager, Bottom, Decrease Searchbar Size, Favourite Page, Find, Gmail, Increase Searchbar Size, Page Info, Page Media, PopUp Blocker, Resize Search Size, Search Go, Stop, Stop All, Tab List, Top, Twitter, Up Directory".

New tab button location
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The plus (+) button for a new tab can seem to disappear. It is movable. So it may sometimes be found anywhere on the toolbars, or in the customize window. If not seen, or not recognized, "restore defaults" in the customize window. Look for it again. It is not easy to see in some locations since it is just a small plus sign without a border in some locations.

It is not intuitive to get it to remain just right of the rightmost tab. In the customize window drag it to the right side of the tab bar. But to the left of the other stuff there. Once you exit the customize window it will snap to just right of the rightmost tab.

Close last tab without closing window
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Instead of using the addon go to about:config and then to browser.tabs.closeWindowWithLastTab - Change it to "false".


 * Last Tab Close Button. Allows last tab in Firefox to be closed without closing the browser window. Leaves a new tab in place of it. Also shows the "Close" button (the X) on the last tab if one is not there already.

Translation addons
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Search shortcuts to see lists of Firefox translation addons. You can click on "most users" to find the most popular translation addons. But that will not necessarily indicate the best ones currently.
 * translator.
 * translate.

Addons:
 * Translate Now. For Firefox 57 or later. By default, the translation is in a new tab. It is possible to overuse this at times, and Google will stop translating for awhile, or make you get past CAPTCHA screens. Google Translation of text will usually again work fine after closing all browser windows, and restarting. I have my settings and addons configured so that restarting gets rid of all unwanted cookies and super-cookies, and so Google does not remember my past use of the day. And even though I use Google Mail I do not allow automatic login to Google. So all Google cookies are temporary. I sometimes like having both these 2 translation addons installed since sometimes one will stop working right.


 * Translate This! Currently not compatible with Firefox 57 or later, as of this writing. By default, the translation is in a new tab. This is great. It can be changed to the same tab in options. Right-click page, or selected text, to translate. Translation link shows up in the context menu when text has been selected for translation. Right-click a link to translate the linked page. After installing the addon you will have to restart Firefox to get the translate icon to work. It only translates the whole page. Can place the icon in any toolbar. To do so right-click a toolbar and click "customize". Then drag the icon from current location to new location. It is not necessary to place the icon on a toolbar. You can use the context menu instead. Right-clicking a page, link, or selected text works fine. This addon uses Google translation.

Here is another translation addon below, and its benefits and problems (at the time of writing).


 * Google Translator for Firefox. Clicking icon translates the whole page in a new tab. Translating selected text is not working for me. Can place the icon in any toolbar. To do so right-click toolbar and click "customize". Then drag icon from current location to new preferred location.

Safe troubleshooting
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Use safe-mode restart (help menu, restart with addons disabled). Addons are turned off temporarily. The addons come back on (enabled) when the browser is restarted again.

"Restore defaults" in customize. The customize window shows up by right-clicking the toolbars at the top of the browser and then clicking on "customize". Or click the 3-bar Firefox menu on the right side, and then click customize. Or view menu, toolbars, customize.

Both of the above methods may need to be done to fix some problems. Both are completely reversible and safe.

The "reset Firefox" option removes all your addons, and resets all to default settings on everything. So don't use it unless all else fails. You might as well uninstall Firefox completely, and do a clean install of Firefox direct from Firefox download.

Fix tab jumping problem in Firefox
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This is no longer a problem for me. I returned the mms.cfg file to its default state. For other Flash problems see:
 * Flash - MozillaZine Knowledge Base.

Sometimes Firefox can not seem to stay on the correct browser tab or window, and jumps away to another tab or window. This annoying loss of focus can sometimes be fixed by disabling protected mode in Flash. See:
 * Flash Player Update: Fix Freezes, Crashes in Firefox | Ghacks
 * Adobe Community: How do I troubleshoot Flash Player's protected mode for Firefox? "Starting with Flash Player 11.3, a protected mode was added as a new security enhancement for Firefox 4.0 and greater on Windows Vista and higher."

You may need to copy your mms.cfg file to your desktop in order to edit it. Change its name to mms.txt and edit it in Notepad or any text editor. Then change its name back to mms.cfg and copy it back to where it needs to be.

From the Ghacks article (emphasis added):

ProtectedMode=0 (no spaces) also works. Both of the above directories can exist on 64bit Windows operating systems. If necessary, try changing the file in both directories. Restart your PC to be sure it is implemented.

mms.cfg file normally does not have that line, and so to go back to default, just remove that line.

See also:
 * Simple solutions to fix Flash crashes when using Firefox.

Lists of Firefox privacy and security settings
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 * A comprehensive list of Firefox privacy and security settings.
 * Overview of Firefox’s about:config security and privacy preferences.

Power your modem off and on monthly
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 * Why You Need to Reset a Router - Consumer Reports.

Your Browser Extensions Are Spying On You
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 * Warning: Your Browser Extensions Are Spying On You. By Lowell Heddings. Jan. 20, 2014.
 * Chrome Extensions - The Dirty Pirates of Privacy and User Data - PCQuest. By Tushar Meht. Jan. 19, 2017.
 * User Data FAQ - Google Chrome.

More Firefox addons
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 * Firefox addons:


 * Disable detach and tear off tab. Disable this: Clicking a tab once and then moving your mouse in a downward motion to the right causes a new window to open. Worth disabling it if it is interfering with saving bookmarks. Or just remember to go left when saving a bookmark via the bookmarks sidebar.
 * Facebook Select All. Select all your friends on Facebook to send an invite. Click the select all button again if you scroll further down the list.
 * Firebug. View, edit, debug, and monitor CSS, HTML, and JavaScript live in any web page.
 * Fluschipranie. Facebook album saver.
 * Google search link fix. Does not allow Google to change the URL.
 * Google Redirects Fixer & Tracking Remover. Shows actual URLs in search results. And when you right-click and copy a result link you get the actual URL. For Google, Google News, etc..
 * YesScript. Use YesScript on sites that annoy you or hog your system resources. One click to the icon turns scripts on or off for the current site. Great, for example, for news sites that frequently refresh the page. YesScript remembers the setting. No more refreshing unless you reload the page.

Alphabetizing bookmarks
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It is a good thing if you found a browser or browser addon that alphabetizes all your bookmarks at once. In all folders and subfolders.

You can make bookmarks sort by date by putting the date in the front of the file name or folder name. 2017-07-28 - Year-month-day. YYYY-MM-DD or YY-MM-DD - 17-07-28

Works for files in your documents folder too. For example; bank statements, etc..

If you want something to be at the top of your bookmarks, put an _ underscore in the front of the bookmark name. Or bookmark folder name if you want a subfolder to be at the top of the folder. The underscore is alphabetized above all letters and numbers.

You can add spaces after the underscore. The more spaces, the higher up it is. Spaces are alphabetized above all letters and numbers.

You may not want to use the Google Chrome browser. As of this writing it automatically deletes duplicate bookmarks. I have many duplicate bookmarks. The same bookmark can be filed under various topics.

Firefox only alphabetizes one folder at a time. You have to open the folder. Then right-click the folder name. Click "sort by name". It sorts the files and folders in that folder.

The Firefox SortPlaces addon below no longer works.


 * SortPlaces. Firefox addon for quick, one-click, alphabetization of all bookmarks at once in all folders and subfolders. Can still be found here. There is a modified version linked from the page that works with Firefox 22+. Click the latest version to install it. You can also download the .xpi file to safeguard it. Click "addons" from the Firefox tools menu. Then click the gear wheel to get its dropdown menu. Then click "install add-on from file". Browse to the .xpi file on your PC. Install. You may need to disable signature checks. To disable signature checks, you will need to set the  preference to "false".
 * type  into the URL bar in Firefox.
 * in the Search box type
 * double-click the preference, or right-click and selected "Toggle", to set it to.
 * This workaround no longer works. More info here.

Firefox bookmark addons, options, tools
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 * You can bookmark a group of tabs by right-clicking a tab, and then clicking "bookmark all tabs". A popup will allow you to choose a folder name, and to place it wherever you want.

Firefox bookmark sidebar
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 * Bookmarks Sidebar Button. A simple one-click button to get to sidebar bookmarks. Move the button anywhere you want it.


 * Autoclose Bookmark & History Folders . Currently not compatible with Firefox 57 or later, as of this writing. Firefox addon with option to auto-close all other bookmark folders when one opens a folder. It also has a button to close all folders. This addon is not needed if you have installed All-in-One Sidebar.

The following addon is no longer supported by its creator:


 * All-in-One Sidebar. Many options. The main one is that it allows one to open and close the bookmarks on the left side by clicking on a thin left sidebar switch that goes from the top to the bottom of the tab window. It can be tricky to figure out all of this addon's options.

I like using it just for bookmarks. First, reset its settings to defaults. 2 paths: Click "restore defaults". Then click the panels tab. Then the addons tab below. Then uncheck "open in sidebar". Click OK. Restart the browser. Now you can more easily access the All-in-one Sidebar options via the normal methods: Tools menu > addons. Or: Menu button > addons.
 * View menu > sidebar > All-in-one sidebar options > settings (bottom left) > restore defaults
 * Tools menu > addons > All-in-one sidebar > options > settings (bottom left) > restore defaults

Open the sidebar by clicking the narrow sidebar strip on the left. Then click the top left drop down menu. Click "bookmarks". Now you can open and close your bookmarks instantly by clicking the narrow sidebar strip. Open the sidebar, and click the right side drop down menu. Put a checkmark next to "Automatically close other folders". This function means you do not need to install this addon: Autoclose Bookmark & History Folders

I like eliminating unused clutter in this addon since I only use its bookmarks sidebar. Right click the top of the browser, and then click "customize". At the bottom of the customize window click "show/hide toolbars". Uncheck "All-in-one sidebar toolbar" and "sidebar header toolbar". Exit customize.

Firefox. Delete bookmark icons (favicons)
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Firefox now stores favicons in the favicons.sqlite file in the profile folder. Favicons can bloat up how much memory Firefox needs. Also, sometimes they get corrupted. To delete them and start fresh:
 * Google search: delete favicons.sqlite.


 * 1) Enter about:support into the location bar.
 * 2) Click the Open Folder button.
 * 3) Exit Firefox.
 * 4) Back in the file manager window that opened earlier, delete the favicons.sqlite file. If found, also delete favicons.sqlite-wal and favicons.sqlite-shm (those two normally only exist while Firefox is running).

To prevent new favicons go to about:config and change the three parameters below to the following values. More info here.


 * browser.chrome.favicons - False
 * browser.chrome.image_icons.max_size - 0
 * browser.chrome.site_icons - False

Firefox. Delete bookmarks before Macrium backup
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If you want to be able to pass on a computer along with an up-to-date operating system, you will probably want to remove your bookmarks, passwords, session restores, etc..

You will also probably want to create a clean Macrium Reflect Free backup that you can put on a CD, drive partition, backup drive, Flash stick, etc..

If you have a zillion bookmarks deleting them can take a long time via the bookmarks library (bookmarks menu / show all bookmarks / organize menu / delete).

It is faster to delete them from the profile folder (help menu / troubleshooting Information / profile folder). Close all browser windows, and then delete the places.sqlite file.

Also delete everything in the bookmarkbackups and sessionstore-backups folders.

Export or restore Firefox bookmarks instantly
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Go to the help menu, then troubleshooting information. Click on the link to show the profile folder. Copy places.sqlite and paste it in a folder in your backup folder or drive. If you have a lot of bookmarks this method (depending on your computer) can be much faster than the standard method of backing up or restoring bookmarks.

Importing bookmarks is instant by pasting places.sqlite in the profile folder. All browser windows must be closed beforehand for this to work. All variations of places.sqlite in the profile folder must be deleted first.

If this is a new install of Firefox it is OK that it replaces the places.sqlite file that is there. It only has a few bookmarks that comes with Firefox.

Export and import bookmarks from Internet Explorer
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You may want to export bookmarks from Internet Explorer (IE), and then import them into Firefox, etc..

That can be problematic. Sometimes IE will not successfully export its bookmarks (favorites). It will only export part of your bookmarks into a bookmarks.html file. Click on it to see where it cuts off. It usually happens at the point where there is a file name that is too long.

To fix the problem, copy the favorites folder from the users folder. Then paste it into another folder. A dated backup folder for example. During this pasting process the MS Windows software will ask to skip files that have long filenames. This fixes the problem.

Copy that favorites folder back into users. Delete the old favorites folder in users first.

Now you will be able to successfully export all the IE bookmarks into the bookmarks.html file. That file can be imported into Firefox, etc..

Bookmarks. Fix slow Firefox closing and restart
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If you have a lot of bookmarks, then you should know that Firefox automatically creates a bookmark backup file when the last Firefox window is closed. This can take many seconds, and during that time Firefox can not be restarted. To stop automatic bookmark backups go here, and then to about:config:
 * browser.bookmarks.max_backups - set it to 0.

You will have to backup bookmarks manually: Bookmarks menu, show all bookmarks, import and backup, backup. The instant way to backup or restore huge amounts of bookmarks is by copying places.sqlite from the Firefox profile folder. See the relevant section on this page.

Clean up places.sqlite bookmarks
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 * Places.sqlite - MozillaZine Knowledge Base.

The places.sqlite file contains bookmarks, history, and other details about the bookmarks. I am only interested in the bookmarks. I am not interested in how many times the pages were visited, etc.. All that just makes for easier corruption, and more browser bloat.

My .json bookmark backup file is around 20 megabytes. My .html bookmark backup file is around 15 megabytes because it does not contain history (visit counts, etc.).

I have a theory that Firefox started having serious problems when it combined the history and bookmarks files, and put them in a database file, places.sqlite. I think it is too much to try to run a database inside a browser. Especially if there are a lot of bookmarks.

To solve the problem of corrupted bookmarks slowing down Firefox, etc. I backup bookmarks to an html file. That is quick and takes less than 15 seconds even for tens of thousands of bookmarks. Then I close all Firefox windows. Then I delete all the places.sqlite file variations in the profile folder. Including in the bookmarkbackups folder. Then I launch Firefox. Now there are no bookmarks or history. Note how snappy Firefox may be.

Then import the bookmarks.html file only. It may take a few minutes to a few hours if you have a lot of bookmarks. It depends on the operating system, current version of Firefox, etc.. It only took 5 minutes last time I tried it with a ton of bookmarks, and a good computer with an SSD drive.

The database is being created from an html file. In the first minute you may or may not get a script dialog box. Let the script continue working, and tell it not to ask permission again. Go do something else because the computer may not be able to do anything else. If you click in the browser window you will see "not responding" at the top of the browser. Maybe along with a circling icon in place of the mouse cursor in the browser window. Be patient.

When it is done the new database is clean, and not corrupted, since it is fresh. It still contains your bookmarks. It no longer contains a visit count for each bookmark. You can check this via "Show all bookmarks" in the bookmarks menu. Then to: views menu > show columns > visit count.

HTML bookmarks also do not keep any spaces at the front of filenames. My method to keep a filename at the top of the list is to put an underscore in the front of the filename, followed by spaces. The more spaces, the higher up it is.

See articles below for more info:


 * Profiles - Where Firefox stores your bookmarks, passwords and other user data | Firefox Help.
 * Locked or damaged places.sqlite - MozillaZine Knowledge Base.
 * Simple Way to Repair Corrupted Firefox places.sqlite.
 * Places Maintenance :: Add-ons for Firefox.

Show parent folder when searching bookmarks
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Open a bookmark search result in a new tab. The star at the end of the URL address is the edit button for the bookmark. It also shows the folder it is in.

Firefox freezing, slowdowns, crashes
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See the section near the top of the page about essential addons. This can solve the problem.

Warning : Unresponsive Script
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Sometimes clicking the "continue" or "stop" buttons do not seem to help. The problem may be deeper than just the scripts on web pages. It may be a number of things.


 * Warning Unresponsive script - What it means and how to fix it | Firefox Help.
 * Firefox hangs or is not responding - How to fix | Firefox Help.
 * Fix "Warning : Unresponsive Script" in Mozilla Firefox. - YouTube. dom.max pulls up 2 items in about:config in Windows 10.
 * dom.max_script_run_time
 * dom.max_chrome_script_run_time
 * Change the number to 0 in both. You will no longer get the warning messages.

Restart Firefox, and keep tabs and logins
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During restart one can quickly close a window or two before they completely launch, and before Firefox locks up. Thus stopping the freeze.


 * Restart. Currently not compatible with Firefox 57 or later, as of this writing. Restart from file menu command, or from button you place anywhere. Turn off shortcut keys in options. Otherwise they will be hit accidentally while typing or gaming.

Ad blockers help a lot
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If installing the Disconnect addon, do it before installing ad blockers. For more info see the Disconnect section. I no longer use Disconnect.


 * uBlock vs. ABP: efficiency compared.
 * uBlock Origin. Need a uBlock Plus addon.
 * Adblock Plus (ABP). Get latest version from AdblockPlus.org site. Go there with the browser you need it on (Firefox, Internet Explorer, Chrome, etc.). An effective ad blocker. Enable or disable it by clicking the ABP icon. For all sites, or just on a particular site or page. For example; for sites important to you such as free web-based email providers, etc. that depend on ads, and you want to allow more ads than normal. The ABP icon can be placed anywhere in Firefox. On Internet Explorer it is on the status bar after restart. Check for updates. As with Firefox it can greatly lower CPU usage as indicated in the task manager.

More RAM often helps
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The more RAM, the more tabs you can open without problems.

Turn off SuperFetch if SSD drive
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 * Disable Superfetch & Prefetch for SSD in Windows 10/8/7. See comments too.

"Windows 7/8/10 therefore by default will automatically disable SuperFetch and Prefetch, once it detects an SSD on your system."

But see this from a comment:

the files are created in C:\Windows\Prefetch if thats on an SSD then disable prefetch, if not then you can leave it enabled

That folder was found on my SSD drive after a clean install of Windows 10 Pro. So I had to disable it manually. From the article:

Superfetch was running. So I disabled it.

Turn off indexing
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 * How to Speed Up, Disable, or Rebuild the Windows Search Index.
 * 3 Things You Shouldn’t Do with Solid-State Drives. One of them is indexing.
 * Turn Off Indexing in Windows for Better Performance.
 * Stop search indexing slowing down your Windows PC.

Search works fine without indexing turned on. And without indexing your computer will be less likely to be bogged down by indexing going on in the background. And your SSD drive will last longer. And you close a quick path (the search index) for hackers to quickly find anything on your computer.

Simplest method is to disable indexing completely in services (via disabling Windows Search). Run services.msc to open the Services Manager (see farther down for more info). Then it doesn't even show up in task manager in the memory tab. That shows it is disabled, and not bogging down the PC at all.

Unfortunately, Windows may "forget" that setting in future updates. So before you disable Windows Search in services go to the indexing control panel. Then remove as many locations as possible in the indexing list. To do this you will need to restart indexing in services if you previously disabled it. Right click Windows Search in services and click "start". Or click "manual" and then "apply" in "startup type" for Windows Search. And then click "start".

Go to the indexing control panel. Uncheck everything there (via the "modify" and "advanced" buttons). After leaving nothing (or as little as possible) to be indexed, go to the advanced setting and "delete and rebuild index". This will remove the previous index so that there is no easy index path left over for hackers. Only the start menu and favorites can not be removed from indexing in Windows 10.

So now, if indexing is turned back on by some future Windows update, then it has little to index.

The other less-reliable method: Run services.msc to open the Services Manager. Or search for “services” in the search form in or near the start menu in Windows. Then click the result called "services" (local). In the Services window, find the “Windows Search” entry and double-click it. First stop it, and click OK. Open it again, and then in the “Startup type” drop-down menu, select the “Disabled” option so that it does not turn on at all. Click Apply, and then OK.

Optional further steps below to take. Not really necessary unless you don't want anything at all from being indexed. Not even the start menu or favorites.

To disable deep content indexing in Windows drives and partitions, right click on an SSD, hard drive, or partition. Then select “Properties” from the list of options. Here under the “General” tab, uncheck the check box for “Allow files on this drive to have contents indexed in addition to file properties.” Now click on the “Ok” button to save changes.

You’ll get a popup dialog box asking whether you want to apply these settings to all files and subfolders or just to the root of the drive. Choose all files and subfolders, otherwise it’s going to still index everything on the drive! Click OK and you’ll have to sit and wait for a few minutes as the settings are applied to all the files on your computer. 3 or 4 minutes for each 30 GB on an SSD or a hard drive. Unfortunately, every file in the file system has an attribute that tells Windows whether or not it should be indexed, so this has to to be changed for all files.

If you get any Access Denied errors along the way, just go ahead and click Ignore All because it’s probably just system files that are currently in use. Repeat this for each drive in your PC, and each external drive.

Stop Firefox prefetching
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 * How to stop Firefox from making automatic connections | Firefox Help. See the sections on prefetching and speculative pre-connections. There are about:config preferences that can be set to stop both.
 * network.prefetch-next - set to false.
 * network.dns.disablePrefetch - set to true.
 * network.http.speculative-parallel-limit - set to 0.

Stop Internet Explorer prefetching
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Go to the tools menu, internet options, advanced. Uncheck "Load sites and content in the background to optimize performance". More info:
 * Internet Explorer 11 (IE11) Preloads Websites Content in Background to Optimize Performance.

Stop Google Toolbar prefetching
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Manage > Privacy > Uncheck prefetching.

Completely uninstall Firefox before reinstallaion
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First try this: Try restarting Firefox with addons disabled. This can be done from the help menu. It also resets some preferences temporarily. All the changes are reversed when you close all Firefox windows, and then launch Firefox again.

If the above method is not enough, then reset all preferences using solution 2 in this article: This is a last resort though before completely uninstalling and reinstalling all parts of Firefox.
 * Reset Firefox preferences to troubleshoot and fix problems | Firefox Help.

Sometimes it gets so bad with "not responding" at the top of tabs, and script messages, that the only thing that may work is to uninstall Firefox, and remove all addons and settings. Uninstalling Firefox without also removing the addons and settings may not work. Because the addons may be back upon a new Firefox installation.

Firefox may be losing some market share due to the lack of a "complete uninstall" box when uninstalling Firefox. Uninstalling and reinstalling a program is a common way to fix problems. Many uninstallers ask how much you want to uninstall in the way of settings, etc.. Many people know to try a complete uninstall when necessary.

A basic Firefox uninstall and reinstall remembers bookmarks, saved cookies, and saved passwords. That may be appreciated. But it may come along with the same problematic addons and settings. See the "user set" settings in about:config. Resetting or refreshing may not be enough to solve the problems.

For a complete uninstall and reinstall see this link:
 * Uninstall Firefox from your computer. The most important part for a thorough uninstall is the section called "Remove user data and settings". Delete the whole Mozilla folder from inside the Roaming folder.

It seems that even a complete uninstall and reinstall sometimes ends up with some "user set" settings in about:config. Maybe those happen due to installation interaction with other programs, the Windows O.S., networking settings elsewhere, etc..

After installation check a few things in options. Maybe uncheck "Use hardware acceleration when available" (in "advanced" section). See more info farther down in "Problematic addons".

Immediately go to the problematic sites and open a bunch of tabs at once. Huffington Post, Facebook, and Amazon for example. Do that before installing addons, or allowing time for Firefox to get corrupted.

Install addons one at a time, and then after installing and enabling each one check how groups of pages load from the problem sites. Watch for page freezes, "not responding", script problems, etc..

Problematic addons
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See:
 * 20+ Problematic Firefox Extensions/Addons that you Must Avoid Installing.
 * Amazon pages load extremely slowly---Firefox AND Chrome browsers. See last page for latest replies.

One thing from the above-linked pages that seems to help me:
 * Disable all video downloader addons. Only enable them when necessary to use them. Via tools menu, addons, extensions.

Huffington Post home page and other HuffPost pages can be slow. The YesScript addon does not seem to help with this in Firefox. But the previous recommendations seem to help. Another possibility is going to Firefox options, advanced, general tab. Then check "Warn me when websites try to redirect or reload the page." But that can rapidly become annoying since many links on many websites are redirects.

Tracking addons
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See essential addons section higher up near the top of the page. "Disconnect" addon causes problems with Twitter images showing up on web pages.


 * Disconnect. Firefox addon. Blocks the invisible websites that track your search and browsing history. Loads pages faster. Stops tracking by 2,000+ third-party sites. It can also disable some ads. Click the icon for the option to disable it on a particular site or page. "Whitelist" the site. For example; for sites important to you such as free web-based email providers, etc. that depend on ads. After installing it, remove and reinstall other filtering addons such as AdBlock Plus. This will allow you to see what Disconnect is blocking. For more info see "More" in the Add-ons Manager (tool menu, add-ons).


 * Cookie AutoDelete. "This WebExtension is inspired by Self Destructing Cookies."


 * Self-Destructing Cookies. Currently not compatible with Firefox 57 or later, as of this writing. Firefox addon. "A realistic chance of beating zombie-/evercookies without sacrificing usability." Read its option pages carefully. It gets rid of a site's cookies and LocalStorage as soon as you close its tabs. It can even be set to clean your cache every time you are not actively using the browser. Trustworthy cookies can be whitelisted by adding their domain names to the whitelist in the addon's options. Domain names are automatically added immediately if they are first added to "exceptions" in Firefox: Tools menus, options, privacy tab, exceptions. See info higher up. Only allow exceptions for sites you trust not to track you. Or who you don't mind being tracked by. Unfortunately, Facebook may start saying it does not recognize your device if you remove its cookies. It may require you to fill in CAPTCHAs and may request that you allow tracking in your browser for Facebook. Consider using a separate browser for Facebook where the Facebook cookies are not deleted. For example; Google Chrome. As with Firefox you might want Chrome new tabs to be blank pages in order to stop Google cookies from tracking you. See this Chrome addon.


 * Blur (formerly "DoNotTrackMe"). Firefox addon. It blocks hundreds of online trackers. CNET page says: "Using DoNotTrackMe for Firefox seemed to slow down our browser considerably, even with all other add-ons disabled. The application accomplished its goals, but we are unsure why our browsing experience was hampered by the sluggishness of this program."


 * BetterPrivacy. Firefox addon. Remove or manage local shared objects (Flash cookies) set by Google, YouTube, Ebay and others. This addon does its deletion of Flash cookies when all Firefox browser windows are closed. See also the following sections. It is not necessary to install BetterPrivacy if all Flash cookies are blocked via the Flash control panel.


 * Privacy Badger. Firefox addon. See comments section for this article: How to disable tracking in Firefox.

Disable geolocation
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This will stop those annoying location requests.

Internet Explorer
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 * Disable Geolocation in browser: Prevent websites from tracking location.

Open Internet Explorer > Internet Options > Privacy tab. Under Location check "Never allow websites to request your physical location". Also press the "Clear Sites" button to remove old sites which have access to your physical location.

If it is greyed out you can edit the registry. Enter "regedit" into Run or your PC search.

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Internet Explorer\Geolocation

The value of BlockAllWebsites as 1, will mean Do not allow, whereas 0 would mean Allow websites to request your location.

This will block all websites from using Microsoft Location Services to find your computer’s approximate physical location.

Firefox
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 * Mozilla Firefox Web Browser — Geolocation in Firefox — Mozilla. "Firefox never shares your location without your permission."

If you never want to share your location:
 * In the URL bar, type about:config
 * Type geo.enabled
 * Double click on the geo.enabled preference and toggle it to "false".


 * How to Browse the Web Anonymously. By Natasha Stokes. Jan. 23, 2017. If geo.enabled is set to true, "Firefox always asks before sending your location to a website."

Disable notification requests
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This will disable some or all of those annoying popup notification requests.

Firefox
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Tools menu > options > content > notifications > do not disturb me.

Unfortunately, in the increasing infinite stupidity and corporate corruption of Firefox bosses, that setting is not remembered when the browser windows are all closed. Here are a couple pages that describe an about:config setting that works:


 * Everything you need to know about Push notifications in Firefox.
 * How to Disable Web Push Notifications in Firefox. Locate an about:config setting named dom.push.enabled and double-click on it to change its value from true to false.

The above change does a lot by itself. See also:
 * Websites are already abusing the Web Push API implementation of Firefox.

This thread linked just below says to also switch dom.webnotifications.enabled to false.
 * How to disable web push notifications in Firefox?

See also these threads in the Firefox support forum:
 * How do I turn OFF notifications from web sites.
 * in content-how do i make "do not disturb me" fixed.

Choose between Flash and HTML5
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There is HTML5 video, and Flash.
 * See HMTL5 video.


 * Adobe Flash Player Download. Official download site.

This info below may be old.

You might want to install this addon:
 * YouTube Flash Video Player. Lets you choose Flash or HTML5 as default YouTube video player. Toolbar button allows changing to Flash player which can solve many problems.

It may no longer be necessary to install this addon. HTML5 videos on Youtube are playing better than before.

Youtube downloading
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Playing a downloaded video is advantageous in that one can more easily skip around, adjust the video size, loop it, use equalizer settings, etc.. It is easy with a free popular media player such as VLC, and others.

Video downloading addons can usually be enabled as needed (Firefox, tools menu, add-ons, extensions). The download links, buttons, and/or icons then show up.

You may need to reload the video tab in a new browser window though to get video downloading to work after enabling the download addon.

Disable the addon when done downloading. Some video addons can tax the CPU, etc. in the background. So disabling when they are not needed solves the problem usually. It is a good preventive action too, since video addons can become buggy.

There are various Firefox addons for downloading videos from Youtube and many other sites. Downloading 1080p videos on Youtube is usually impossible, or requires a paid addon. Here is a search for "youtube downloader" at Firefox addons:
 * https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/search/?platform=windows&q=youtube%20downloader

Linked below is one that is working as of this writing. Working addons come and go.
 * YouTube Download Helper.

SoundCloud downloading
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Many tunes have download links. For those that don't here is a Firefox addon that currently works for me at the time of this writing:
 * Mp3 Downloader for SoundCloud By morni colhkher. I used this to download a tune that did not have a download link. It worked fine. I like that there is an option to always ask me where to download it. I also like the option to not immediately start downloading after preparation.

It is probably a good idea to sign out of SoundCloud before using this addon.

You can create playlists on SoundCloud. But the name of a new playlist can take a few hours to show up in the list of playlists. So be patient. Once the playlist shows up you can add tunes to it right away.

Facebook video downloading
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First, sign in to Facebook. Then go here:


 * Facebook Video Downloader Online.

Enter a URL for a Facebook video. Click "download". Right-click "Download Video in HD Quality".

From the popup menu click "save link as". Browse to where you want the video saved to. Download it. Play the file with a free video player such as VLC media player.

Image and text tools
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Image editing and resizing. IrfanView, etc.
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Many image editors can resize, resample, crop, and edit images. A popular, free, image editor is IrfanView. See the home page. See Cnet: 64 bit and 32 bit. Don't forget to install the free plugins pack. It installs almost instantly. See other image editors here: Image Editor - Free downloads and reviews - CNET Download.com

If you install IrfanView, you may need to uninstall the Photos app that comes with Windows. If you set IrfanView to be the default image editor and viewer for images, then sometimes the Photos app will try to take some of those default settings back.

First try resetting IrfanView as the default in the standard way: Launch Irfanview / options / properties / extensions. If there are problems that remain with individual extensions go to control panel / default programs / Associate a file type or protocol with a program. This usually works.

If that doesn't work, then the only solution may be to uninstall the Photos app. Sometimes then Paint 3D tries to take over, and you may need to uninstall it too if the other 2 solutions do not stick. This article explains how to uninstall and reinstall built-in apps:
 * How to Uninstall Windows 10’s Built-in Apps (and How to Reinstall Them).

In Windows 10 go to "Windows PowerShell". It is in the "W" section of the start menu. Right-click the PowerShell shortcut, and select “Run as administrator.” Copy and paste the following line into the PowerShell prompt:

Get-AppxPackage *photos* | Remove-AppxPackage

Then click enter.

Reset IrfanView to be the default viewer/editor for all images. Launch Irfanview. Options menu / properties/settings / extensions / images only.

Add text to images with IrfanView
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See the section titled something like "Add text to chart images" in this article:
 * Commons:Convert tables and charts to wiki code or image files

Text sizing in Firefox
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Tools menu, options, content tab, fonts and colors. Adjust the default size there.

Minimum font size setting
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There is a "Minimum font size" setting in Firefox options. Click on the Firefox tools menu, then options, then the content tab, and then the "Fonts & Colors" advanced button. "Minimum font size" is on the middle right. This increases text size only, and does not necessarily increase sidebar width. Many zoom options and addons can not increase text only. Even if they have a text-only option, it may not always work. They may also increase image sizes at times. This can also increase sidebar width if it is tied to the width of images in the sidebar. Or if the sidebar width is set to em units.

Menu text sizing in Firefox
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 * Theme Font & Size Changer. Firefox addon that allows instant changing of font style and size in Firefox bookmarks, menus, tabs, etc.. Option to do the same in context menus (from right-clicking things).

The next section describes another way to change the text size of Firefox menus, etc..

Toggle animated GIFs
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Firefox addon: Toggle animated GIFs. You can stop and start GIF animations by clicking them. You can also restart animations from the beginning. You can analyze animations frame by frame, or let them go a few frames at a time. It is completely up to you and your clicking. Press Ctrl+M to enable/disable animation of GIFs in the current tab, and press Shift+M to restart all animations from the first frame.

In options you can disable all animations by default, so that they do not automatically start.

There are also options in the addon for toggling GIF animations that are files on your computer, and not just ones on the web.

IrfanView and GIFs
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Or open the GIF file in IrfanView, the popular freeware image editor and viewer. See the options menu, and "Stop/Resume Animation". It currently uses "G" on the keyboard to stop and resume animation. There is also an option to "Extract all frames". This saves all the individual frames to a folder of your choice.

Screenshots. Part or all of page
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Screenshots are now built into Firefox. Right-click on a page and choose "Take a screenshot".
 * Firefox Screenshots.
 * Firefox Screenshots. Firefox Help.

Click the 3 periods in the address bar. Right-click "Take a screenshot" and then "add to address bar". This makes the screenshot icon visible at all times at the end of the address bar. The Firefox developers should make this the default.

Click the icon, and then choose whether to copy the visible page, the full page, or the part of the page you select. Click on the icon to escape.

A good page for trying out various screenshot functions is the Google News page.

The "print screen" button on most keyboards used with Windows only takes a screenshot of the visible part of a web page currently showing in your browser tab.

The addons below are not necessary if the built-in Firefox Screenshot works well enough for you.

There are Firefox addons that can also take a screenshot of the full web page (including the part only visible by scrolling). They can also take screenshots of the part you select. These addons may not work on all pages. Here are some Firefox addons:
 * Full Web Page Screenshots. Free for 30 days, and then it seems to lose all functionality. It can save in multiple formats including in PDFs.
 * Easy Screenshot. Click the button on the right top of the page. Choose from the context menu that pops up. When you choose the whole page, it scrolls down the page, and then an editing toolbar shows up at the top. It allows you to further markup, crop, and annotate the page if you want. Or you can just click the save button right away. It saves the image as an PNG file.
 * This is the basic version of Easy Screenshot: Web Clipper: Easy Screenshot. To make a screenshot right-click the page and choose options from the context menu. In the addon options (Tools > addons > Web Clipper: Easy Screenshot > options) you can choose the default folder to drop the screenshots in.

You can install all 3 addons if you want. They don't seem to interfere with each other. If you install the 2 Easy Screenshot addons it can be confusing when you right click a page and see "Easy Screenshot" in the context menu. It is actually the basic version: Web Clipper: Easy Screenshot. The full version is only accessible by clicking the button on the top right of the page. You can move that button elsewhere.

Text sizing and zooming in Firefox
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Various options in the following sections.

Zooming via view menu or zoom buttons
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There are zoom buttons in the right side of the Customize window in Firefox. Right-click the top toolbar in Firefox and then click "Customize". Drag the zoom buttons to a convenient location. The middle button has the current zoom setting as a percentage. It acts as a reset button too. Click it to see.

The Firefox minimum font size setting can help too (see section higher up).

There are also zoom options in the view menu of Firefox. The "zoom text only" option in the view menu helps, but does not work in all situations. For example; in some sidebars with width set to em units.

Best addons for default zoom level
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 * Default FullZoom Level. This addon will set a default zoom level for all pages. It also remembers custom zoom levels for sites. It works very well.

The following addons are no longer needed. The zoom buttons built into Firefox now are better, and are very easy to use. They can be dragged anywhere. Use the customize window of Firefox. Right-click the top toolbar in Firefox and then click "Customize".


 * No Small Text. "Set a minimum text size for all web content. Use the toolbar button to switch it on and off. ... Three preset sizes. NEW: Use mouse scroll on the toolbar button." The Default FullZoom Level addon is better.
 * Zoom Toolbar. No longer needed since it exists by default in the customize window of Firefox, and can be dragged anywhere. This addon can add zoom buttons to the toolbar of your choice. Especially like the reset button.
 * Page Zoom Button. Can zoom in and out via the scroll wheel. Or left and right clicking. This addon is easy to forget how to use. The zoom buttons built into Firefox now are better, and are very easy to use.

Ctrl-scroll to zoom a page
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Another option is to hold the ctrl key down, and then use the scroll wheel on your mouse to change the size of the text. Use the reset button in the zoom buttons to go back.

Fix image sizing problem
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This info may be old.

Compare the width of an image on the same page viewed in Firefox and Internet Explorer. Use a ruler. Make sure zoom is turned off (reset) in both browsers (Firefox: View menu, zoom, reset). If the same image has a different width then see this support thread.

This problem sometimes occurs when the DPI setting is changed in the display control panel of Windows. In Windows one can easily go to the display control panel by right-clicking a blank spot on the desktop, and then clicking properties to go to the control panel. Then go to the settings tab, advanced, general tab, to see or adjust the DPI setting.

To fix the problem see the linked thread, and then enter about:config in the address bar. Enter this:
 * layout.css.devPixelsPerPx - change it to 1.0

See also the info in the sections on zoom functions and resets.

Text size for desktop icons, Explorer menus, etc
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For larger text everywhere including system fonts you could go the easy way and change to 125% or 150% scaling. See display settings. But that can sometimes make some images and text blurry.

There is another way described in the box below, but it does not make all text larger. For example; some system fonts in control panels.

Both methods can be used. For example; set scaling to 125%, and also change the text size.

In other versions of Windows go to the personalization control panel (right-click desktop, then click properties or personalize). Go to the Windows color and appearance settings, and then advanced.

Choose from the dropdown choices, and change the text size for various things such as icons, title bars, menus, menu captions, message boxes, etc.. Some of those items can be accessed more quickly by clicking on the graphics for the items (if shown).

In earlier versions of Windows one could reset the text sizes to default by choosing a different color scheme or theme: Windows standard, Windows Classic, High Contrast, etc..

Some of the High Contrast themes are great if you don't like being blinded by white backgrounds. They make the background black everywhere, including Windows File Explorer, and all the various browsers. But it messes up some web pages, causing some things not to be visible.

To change the text size of desktop icons choose "icon" from the item dropdown list. Change the text size.

But larger text may mean less characters show up under small desktop icons. You can increase the size of the desktop icons by right-clicking the desktop, then view, and then large icons.

See also: How to Change Desktop Icon Size in Windows 7 & Vista.

Not sure about the following info, especially after restarting your PC. In Windows 10 it remembers your choices of text sizes. This is great for experimenting with the different themes.

ClearType font smoothing can help a lot
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Some people like it, and some don't. It can help greatly with eliminating blurry text. For example; on sites like this one with dark backgrounds and light text. Especially in the image captions where the text is smaller.

Try ClearType. To enable it, right-click the desktop, then click properties or personalize. Go to the appearance settings, and then effects. How you get there depends on your operating system. Check the box to turn it on.

On some versions of Windows you can tune it right there. On others you may need to go here to tune it:
 * Windows ClearType Tuner.

When done, on the last step, there are some fonts shown that are preferred for legibility. Verdana or Arial are some good fonts to set as the preferred font in Firefox. In Firefox you can set your preferred fonts via the tools menu, options, content, advanced. Choose sans-serif fonts for your default font, and for your proportional font. See Sans-serif.

Performance versus appearance
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 * System control panel. Advanced system settings. Advanced tab. Performance settings. Adjust for best performance.

It unchecks all the boxes. Some possible boxes to check:
 * "Show thumbnails instead of icons". Useful for scanning folders of images.
 * "Smooth edges of screen fonts".
 * "Use drop shadows for icon labels on the desktop". Unless you have a dark background on your desktop. My desktop is solid black. Lessens eyestrain too.

This can also lessen the load on your PC:
 * Start menu > right-click any tile > more > turn live tile off.

Smooth font edges
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All the checkboxes are empty in the above choice for performance. But it may be useful to put a checkmark in the box for "smooth edges of screen fonts." It can be noticeable in file menus and in tab headings in the browser.

Other appearance options that might be worth keeping checked:
 * Show shadows under mouse pointer. Or do without this, and choose "Magnified" system scheme under the pointers tab in the mouse control panel
 * Use drop shadows for icon labels on the desktop.

You may not want to enable the above choices if they don't help. They may slow down performance. So see which ones actually make a difference to you.

Turn off Aero
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Aero can be a resource hog.
 * How to Disable Aero Peek in Windows.
 * Disable Aero (Permanently or Temporarily) in Windows 7.
 * Disable Aero on Windows 7 or Vista (or Windows 8.x, Sorta).

Note that selecting a non-Aero theme also may change some of the performance versus appearance settings in the previous section. You may want to go back there to reset any changed preferences.

Remove transparency in Windows 10
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Start menu, settings, personalization, colors, turn off transparency.


 * Windows 10: How to control transparency in the Start menu, taskbar, Action Center.

Turn off Delivery Optimization (Windows 10 peer-to-peer)
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 * Disable and turn off Windows Update Delivery Optimization.
 * How to delete Delivery Optimization Files and reclaim lost disk space on Windows 10 PC.
 * How to stop Windows 10 from using your PC's bandwidth to update strangers' systems | PCWorld.

Turn off Cortana features in Windows 10
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 * Windows 10 tip: Turn off Cortana completely.
 * How to disable Cortana in Windows 10.

The methods described in the above articles may be the only way currently to set Cortana to do local searches only. The top article is easier if you have Windows 10 Pro.

Click the Cortana button on the taskbar. Then the settings button. In some older builds of Windows 10 web search can be turned off here. So Cortana only searches this PC.

You can also use DoNotSpy10 to turn off Cortana features.

Using the above methods still leaves the internal search form active via the Cortana icon on the taskbar.

Right click the taskbar to get the popup menu. Click on search in that menu. Choose whether to hide or show the Cortana search box on the taskbar. Or just the Cortana icon.

In any case you can also use the search form at the top right of all File Explorer windows.

Other privacy settings in Windows 10
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Click the Cortana button on the taskbar. Then the settings button. And then "other privacy settings" for more privacy settings beyond Cortana. For example; you can turn your camera or microphone on or off for use by apps. Many more settings are there.

Windows 10 privacy tools
See this feature list of DoNotSpy10 to understand the problem. If you patiently go through all the settings (start menu / settings) then you do not need DoNotSpy10 or other aids.


 * DoNotSpy10. Easy-to-use privacy tool for stopping all the Microsoft spying built-in to Windows 10. Do not worry about its installer being detected by malware scans as potentially unwanted program, etc.. During installation the installer uses OpenCandy, FusionCore, InstallerCore, etc. to offer up other programs for installation. Just pay attention during installation (as with installation of any program) for checkboxes offering to install other programs. Uncheck them if you don't want them installed. OpenCandy, FusionCore, InstallerCore, etc. are safe, and are deleted after installation of DoNotSpy10. So, they are not a problem.
 * Top 10 Apps to Protect Your Privacy in Windows 10 (Updated). Posted by: Timothy Tibbetts on 12/31/2016.

Turn off OneDrive
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Its automatic startup can be disabled.


 * Tip. Disable OneDrive in Windows 10 - AskVG. Many ways to disable it, and remove its icon from various locations. Easiest way to disable it:

DoNotSpy10 can disable it, too. Another way is to right click the taskbar to get to task manager. Disable it in the startup tab.

In any case it can still be started manually from the start menu. But at your own choosing.

Stop Skype from starting up automatically
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In Windows 7, enter "msconfig" in Run. Then disable it in the startup tab by unchecking it.

In Windows 10 it doesn't seem to be starting up on its own as of this writing.

Blocking remote access by nefarious entities. :)
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Go to system control panel, and advanced system settings. In the remote settings uncheck "Allow remote assistance connections to this computer". Also, uncheck "Allow remote connections to this computer". Most people do not need these functions. If you do ever need it you can turn it on temporarily.

The following info is old, and probably no longer necessary since Windows has had many updates since then.

See also:
 * How to Disable SMB on Windows Machines to prevent WannaCry Ransomware - VinRansomware.
 * How to enable and disable SMBv1, SMBv2, and SMBv3 in Windows and Windows Server.

Using Google Public DNS fixes many problems
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 * DNS hijacking.

Stop some weird site blocking and search hijacking. Sometimes some web pages will not show up. Sometimes searching with the location bar in Firefox and other browsers ends up in unexpected places. Sometimes pages do not open in new tabs, but only in the same tab. All kinds of disruptions due to dependence on your ISP's DNS servers.

This can happen when DNS is broken or hijacked. Many people use Google Public DNS to solve some of these problems.

The Google Public DNS IP addresses (IPv4) are as follows: 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

Set these also: The Google Public DNS IPv6 addresses are as follows: 2001:4860:4860::8888 2001:4860:4860::8844

For Windows 10 see For Windows 7, 8, and 10:
 * How to change DNS settings on a Windows 10 PC.
 * How to set Google DNS on your Windows computer : My Private Network.

See also:
 * Public DNS — Google Developers. "Configure your network settings to use the IP addresses 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 as your DNS servers." See the configuration instructions for Windows 7.
 * Using Google Public DNS - Public DNS — Google Developers.
 * Frequently Asked Questions - Public DNS — Google Developers.
 * Google Public DNS.
 * Google search: DNS servers.
 * Vista:
 * How do i change to Google DNS using Windows Vista? - Google Groups.
 * Change TCP/IP settings - Windows Help.


 * SearchReset. Firefox addon. Resets your search preferences and home page to their default values. Handy when cleaning up after browser hijackings.

Turn off network discovery if not needed
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Network and sharing center control panel. Change advanced sharing settings. Turn off network discovery if not sharing something. Such as a printer. Or some folders.

PC and cell phone mic/camera turned on remotely
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 * Any cell phone sleeve blocks some or most sound and light. For additional security and privacy:
 * Google search: cell phone anti-tracking sleeves.
 * Google search: RFID blocking wallets.


 * NSA growth fueled by need to target terrorists. By Dana Priest July 21, 2013. The Washington Post. "By September 2004, a new NSA technique enabled the agency to find cellphones even when they were turned off."
 * How the NSA can 'turn on' your phone remotely. By Jose Pagliery. June 6, 2014. CNN. "FBI is using these kinds of surveillance tactics in the U.S. for all sorts of crimes."
 * Spies can listen to your iPhone microphone even if it is switched OFF, experts reveal. Mirror Online. Jun 10, 2014. By Christopher Bucktin.
 * NSA can easily bug your switched-off iPhone: Here's how you can stop them. June 06, 2014. RT News.
 * DIY Ultralight ‘Faraday Cage’ RFID Blocking Wallet. Brian's Backpacking Blog.
 * FBI taps cell phone mic as eavesdropping tool. By Declan McCullagh and Anne Broache. December 1, 2006. CNET News. "functioned whether the phone was powered on or off. ... Security-conscious corporate executives routinely remove the batteries from their cell phones, he added. ... Trojan horse that secretly activated a computer's video camera and forwarded him the recordings."

Chrome browser deletes bookmarks without permission
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This is a deal-breaker for some people. If you have a many bookmarks, and you have many categories and subcategories, then you don't want the browser to mess with your bookmarks.

The Chrome browser deletes duplicate bookmarks as you add bookmarks. Test this by clicking the bookmark star at the end of the location bar. Save a bookmark in one folder. Then save it in another folder. Go back to the first folder. The bookmark is gone. People have complained. To no avail it seems. Have not found an addon to fix it.

Chrome browser addons and settings
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 * Empty New Tab Page. New tab pages are blank. This also gets rid of the annoying "Import bookmarks now" message.

On startup: "Open the new tab page". Via: Settings > On startup.

Activate the home page button in settings. Via: Settings > Appearance > Show home button. Enter this URL for example; https://www.google.com/

The above addon and settings opens blank Chrome windows and tabs. You launch Google by clicking the home page button. And it opens without the history thumbnails, and without the "Import bookmarks now" nag message.


 * AdBlock Plus.
 * Chromarks - Chrome Bookmarks Menu. Popup a bookmarks menu with the click of a button. Manage your bookmarks right from the bookmarks menu. Unfortunately, it shows bookmarks without duplicated spaces. It doesn't delete the spaces, though. So it is a safe addon. The bookmarks look the same in the main bookmark menus.
 * Open Bookmark Manager. Adds a button to quickly open the Bookmark Manager.
 * Paste It. Paste text from a toolbar button, context menu, etc..
 * Recursive Bookmark Sorter. Very fast sorting. 2 or 3 seconds for tens of thousands of bookmarks.
 * Search the current site.
 * Zoom Text Only. Zoom text without distorting the images.

Disable taskbar preview thumbnails in Windows 10
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 * How to disable Taskbar thumbnail preview on Windows 10.

Same instructions as in Windows 7 section below. But there is no limit as in Windows 7. I have entered 1000000 in the decimal entry spot, and it works. I even maxed it out at ffffffff (8 of them) in the hexadecimal entry spot. It worked too.

Disable Windows 7 taskbar hover list
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 * How to disable Windows 7 taskbar hover list. From the article:

I tried maxing out the number. The hover list still showed up right away. 30000 (30 seconds) seems to be the maximum that will work according to this page: I tried that number. It works for me. No hover list for 30 seconds after leaving my mouse cursor over the taskbar.
 * disable taskbar popups.

VoIP. Very cheap broadband phone service
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Whether you are a poor activist or not, the money saved can be used for more activism:


 * Ooma. See Ooma Telo on Amazon (pronounced like "Jell-O"). Unlimited free calling nationwide. Ooma will port over your phone number if you want. For the basic service it costs around $4 a month for state taxes. No other fees. Premier service is $10 a month. Many people are quite happy with the basic service. Ooma is highly rated, and almost plug and play. 911 works with it too. The phones plug into the Ooma box. Or if your residence is wired for telephones, plug the Ooma into any telephone jack. That assumes you have already disconnected the wiring from your previous phone service. If you don't want to use that wiring for Ooma you can plug in a cordless phone system into the Ooma box with as many cordless handsets as you want spread around the residence.


 * Obihai. See: OBi200 1-Port VoIP Phone Adapter with Google Voice and Fax Support for Home and SOHO Phone Service. Unlimited free calling nationwide. No fees the first year. Unless you want E-911 access. That costs around $12 to $15 a year. For example, via gv911.com. Tech support after the first year costs $10 a year. It is optional, though for many people it is necessary for easy firmware updates. Obihai is highly rated, though it may require more skill to set up compared to Ooma.

Free 911 cell phones and car phones
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. Keep an old cell phone charging and lying around for 911 access if necessary. And they work if the power goes down unlike an internet phone. You can call out to 911, but since there is no phone number attached the phone, no one can call in to the phone. So if you get cut off from 911, call 911 back.

Keep one in your car too, along with a cheap $10-$20 car charger. The cell phone will usually work for emergency calls even while it is charging. So don't plug it into the car charger until necessary for 911 access, in order to avoid car battery problems. You may have forgotten how to start up the old cell phone. Plug the cell phone into the charger. Then (on some phones) hold down the red key on cell phones with mechanical buttons. The phone will eventually start up and say something like "emergency calls only".


 * Before You Call 911 on a Cell Phone. By Rod Brouhard, EMT-P. Reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, MD. Updated October 25, 2018.

Free lifeline cell phone if low income
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 * SafeLink Wireless.
 * Google search: Lifeline cell phone.
 * Universal Service Fund.

Very cheap cell phone service
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Activists need to save money, so they can have more time for activism.

See TrustPilot reviews, and other reviews, before jumping onto any cheap cell phone plans.
 * Trustpilot
 * Trustpilot.com home. Search for company.
 * Wikipedia: Category:Review websites
 * Telecommunications. Money Saving Reviews | Three Thrifty Guys.

Tello and Twigby sound interesting. They both have very cheap cell phone plans. They work with both Android phones and iPhones. They both have unlimited 2G data, after you've used your high-speed LTE data. They both have free tethering using their high-speed data only. But if you have household internet access then you don't need the tethering at home since all your devices can use WiFi. Including your cell phones.

They both use Sprint. Twigby also roams for free to Verizon when out of Sprint areas. That may be why Twigby costs a little more than Tello. See the customizable plans they offer: Both plans allow you to upgrade or downgrade instantly. You only pay the difference between the 2 levels when upgrading.
 * Twigby - How Twigby Works. Select your starting plan.
 * Tello. Build your own US plan. Configure minutes, texts & data as you like.

If you use your cell phone only irregularly, then the pay-as-you-go plan is dirt cheap:
 * Tello. Best Pay As You Go rates. US and international calls & texts. US data. There are no monthly bills. Add $10 to your balance once and never pay again if you never use the cell phone. Great for an emergency car phone. Use your balance for US calls, texts and data, as well as for international calls & texts.
 * Tello Mobile | FAQs | Frequently Asked Questions & Help Center See the Pay As You Go section:

Make a quick phone call every couple months to avoid disconnection. Put it on your calendar. From the FAQs:
 * "if you don’t use the service for 3 months, the credit will expire and the Tello service will be disconnected."

Frequent security updates are important for banking, and to protect your passwords. It seems that Android phones only get around 3 years of security updates after their launch date. Iphones are getting at least 4 years. The iphone 5s is over 5 years and still supported.
 * IPhone - see great chart showing years of support for each version of iOS.


 * Android One. See section on OS (operating system) and security updates. Google only supports OS and security updates for a limited time. Android One phones have more frequent security updates.
 * Android One. This official Android One entry page says (in the fine print at the end of it): "Confirm exact duration of support for phones in your territory with smartphone manufacturer. Monthly security updates to be supported for at least three years after initial phone release."

Apple has a longer time period for support and security updates. See links below. Security risks. Banking, passwords, data, full remote access.
 * iOS 12 is so good on older iPhones that people are rethinking their iPhone XS upgrades. 19 Sep 2018.
 * List of iOS devices. See table of iphone models, and whether they are still supported or not. See also: iOS version history.
 * Chart: How Long Does Apple Support Older iPhone Models? Statista.
 * Apple's iOS 11 update ends support for iPhone 5 and 5C. June 2017 article by BBC. "It means those with the older devices will no longer receive software or security updates. ... The news is the result of Apple's decision to end support for devices and apps using 32-bit processors. Apps that only run in 32-bit will not show up in search results in the new version of the App Store, or be available from the Purchased tab if they have been downloaded previously."
 * 101 Data Protection Tips: How to Keep Your Passwords, Financial & Personal Information Safe. By Nate Lord. July 11, 2018. Digital Guardian.
 * Android vs iOS security: Which is better? By Lucas Mearian. Computerworld. Aug 7, 2017. According to the article iOS is more secure because it is closed-source, whereas Android is open-source.

Cheapest all-around connectivity. Phone, internet, video
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 * Cord cutting now hitting home internet service for these cheaper options. By Francis Navarro, Komando.com, 3 Nov 2018.

It is not really feasible to use your phone, or hotspot tethering, if you are into streaming high quality video. See the above article.

So the cheapest way to go is to get a roommate! :) Then you can split an internet bill, and watch all the HD streaming video you want. It also allows you to use VOIP for your home phone. For your cell phone use a cheap service such as Tello or Twigby.

Internet fast enough for HD video can be had for less than $50 a month total almost anywhere if you take advantage of first year pricing, and then negotiating with your internet provider the next year. Tell them you will go to the competition if it exists in your location. This almost always works. Or you can just drop your internet access altogether for a month. Then sign up for introductory first-year pricing again from the same internet provider. This is allowed by some companies. They know some people are poorer than others, and want as much money as possible without losing customers.

Don't sign up for cable TV at all. I hardly miss it at all. I am happy with Amazon Prime, Netflix, HBO Now, etc.. I sign out of Netflix and HBO Now for months at a time when I lose interest, or when they need to restock what they are showing. I sign up again when I again have the desire to watch video other than the free stuff such as on Youtube. I have Amazon Prime all the time since I do a lot of buying on Amazon. I sometimes have to wait for it to restock also.

There is a lot of amazing video on Youtube, etc..

JS and CSS customization
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 * Help:JavaScript and CSS Cheatsheet. Locally.
 * Help:JavaScript and CSS Cheatsheet. At community central wiki.

Video and sound quality
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See: Category:Videos

You can play more than one video at the same time. Mash it up. Move the timing sliders around. Vary the volume levels. :)

You may need to click the arrow twice in the middle of any video window to start that video. Or go to the source page for the video. The video is usually larger there. Sometimes there are higher definition options (360, 480, 720), and the higher resolution versions usually produce better sound quality too.

Start the video, and click the "HQ" button right away at the bottom of the video for higher quality video, and especially sound. The words are clearer, too. Drag the cursor back some, or reload the source page if problems with the HQ button.

Bigger headphones help too. The extra bass volume and dynamic range. Often, bigger headphones produce a louder sound from the same input level. Part of the reason may be that less sound escapes from full-cup headphones that completely surround the ear.

Your PC sound card, or integrated audio chip, usually has additional volume and equalization controls that can increase the volume. Plugging your headphones into the jack on most amplified speakers that come with most PCs nowadays can increase the sound volume too. Versus the sound volume from plugging headphones directly into the PC. Plugging an equalizer between the PC and the headphones can help too. Of course, plugging the PC sound output into a tuner-amp gives the most options.

Getting a set of small, inexpensive (under $10 to $20) amplified speakers is cheaper, and they produce a lot less heat than most tuner-amps. Get 2 sets of amplified speakers. Plug the headphones into one as an inexpensive, low-wattage, low-heat amplifier. Use the other set of amplified speakers when room sound is needed. Put your PC sound output through a cheap audio switcher (less than $10). Switch between room sound and headphone sound.

In rotation. Some video fun
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Morpheus: "It is the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth." Neo: "What truth?" Morpheus: "That you are a slave, Neo. Like everyone else you were born into bondage. Born into a prison that you can not smell or taste or touch. A prison - for your mind. Unfortunately, no one can be told what the matrix is. You have to see it for yourself. This is your last chance. After this there is no turning back. You take the blue pill - the story ends. You wake up in your bed and you believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill - you stay in wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes. Remember! All I am offering is the truth. Nothing more." -- From the 1999 movie, The Matrix.

Chillin'
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Search streaming services for videos
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To find any of the movies, documentaries, web shorts, television shows:
 * Comparison of video streaming aggregators.
 * JustWatch - Streaming Search Engine for Movies and TV Shows.

Some favorite TV, web, app shows
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Year for series is the beginning year.


 * 11.22.63 (2016 series).
 * Absentia (2017 series).
 * Altered Carbon (2018 series). Netflix:.
 * Archangel (2005 series).
 * Battlestar Galactica (2004 series).
 * The Blacklist (2013 series).
 * Blindspot (2015 series).
 * Britannia (2018 series).
 * Caprica (2010 series).
 * Casual (2015 series).
 * Charlie Jade (2005 series).
 * Dark Matter (2015 series).
 * Defiance (2013 series).
 * Electric Dreams (2017 series). 1st episode only: "Real Life". Amazon Prime:.
 * The Expanse (2015 series).
 * Falling Water (2016 series).
 * Flint: Redemption (2013 series)..
 * Frontier (2016 series).
 * Game of Thrones (2011 series).
 * Goliath (2015 series).
 * Good Girls Revolt (2016 series).
 * Humans (2015 series).
 * Hunted (2012 series).
 * Into the Badlands (2015 series).
 * Joe Rogan: Strange Times (2018). Netflix:.
 * Joe Rogan: Triggered (2016). Netflix:.
 * John from Cincinnati (2007 series).
 * Killjoys (2015 series).
 * Kiss Me First (2018 series).
 * The Last Kingdom (2015 series).
 * Lost (2004-10 series).
 * Lost in Greece (2018 short)..
 * The Magicians (2015 series).
 * The Man in the High Castle (2015 series).
 * Marco Polo (2014 series).
 * Medici: Masters of Florence (2016). On Netflix:.
 * The Mist (2017).
 * Mr. Robot (2015 series).
 * The Night Manager (2016 miniseries).
 * The OA (2016 TV series). On Netflix:.
 * Orphan Black. (2013 series ).
 * Outlander (2014 series).
 * Penny Dreadful (2014 series).
 * Person of Interest (2011-16 series).
 * The Prisoner (1967 series).
 * Rubicon (2010 series).
 * Sense8 (2015 series).
 * Shooter (2016 series).
 * Taken (2002 miniseries).
 * Travelers (2016 series).
 * True Blood (2008 series).
 * True Detective (2014 series). I like the first season with Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson.
 * The Tunnel (2013 series).
 * Utopia (2013 series).
 * Versailles (2015 series).
 * Wallander (UK TV series). I liked the 3-episode series 1 from 2008.
 * Witchblade (2000 TV movie) and Witchblade (2001 series).
 * Westworld (2016 series).

Some documentaries
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Year for series is the beginning year.


 * American Comandante (2015 documentary).
 * American Playboy: The Hugh Hefner Story (2017 series). Amazon Prime:.
 * American Weed (2012 series). Feb. 22 to April 20 on the National Geographic Channel. About Colorado medical cannabis shops. Media article. Watch online.
 * Asia From Above (2014 documentary).
 * Auschwitz: The Nazis and 'The Final Solution' (2005 series).
 * The Beatles: Eight Days a Week (2016 documentary).
 * Becoming Bond (2017 documentary). By Hulu.
 * Beware of Mr. Baker (2012 documentary). About Ginger Baker. Youtube.
 * Black Lips - Kids Like You & Me (2013 documentary). The Middle East tour of the band called Black Lips.
 * Brian Eno - 1971-1977: The Man Who Fell To Earth (2011 documentary).
 * Buena Vista Social Club (1999 documentary).
 * Crusade in Europe (1949 series). . WWII documentary series based on Eisenhower book.
 * Dogtown and Z-Boys (2001 documentary).
 * Dying to Know: Ram Dass & Timothy Leary (2014 documentary).
 * The Final Take: Bowie in the Studio (2018 documentary).
 * Gaga: Five Foot Two (2017 documentary).
 * George Harrison: Living in the Material World (2011 documentary).
 * He Named Me Malala (2015 documentary).
 * I Am Bruce Lee (2011 documentary)..
 * Jaco (2014 documentary). About Jaco Pastorius.
 * Jimi Hendrix: Voodoo Child (2010). On Netflix: . And see:.
 * Joe Strummer: The Future Is Unwritten (2007 documentary).
 * Keith Richards: Under the Influence (2015). Link is to Netflix video. And: IMDb.
 * Madonna: Truth or Dare (1991).
 * Night Will Fall (2014 documentary).
 * November 13: Attack on Paris (2018 documentary)..
 * Oasis: Supersonic (2016 documentary). About Oasis (the band).
 * Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States (2012 series). On Netflix: . Episodes described. Have seen episode 7: "Johnson, Nixon & Vietnam: Reversal of Fortune". It is interesting.
 * The Other One: The Long, Strange Trip of Bob Weir (2014 documentary).
 * Paris The Luminous Years: Towards The Making Of The Modern. (2010 documentary).
 * Pussy Riot: A Punk Prayer (2013 documentary). On Amazon Prime:.
 * Pussy Riot: The Movement (2013 documentary)..
 * The Real Inglorious Bastards (2012 documentary). . Amazon Prime: . Free on Yuyu TV too:.
 * Rush: Beyond the Lighted Stage (2010 documentary)
 * The Russian Revolution (2017 documentary). On Netflix. See opening on Vimeo.
 * The Santana Story Angels And Demons (2011 documentary).
 * Steve Jobs: The Lost Interview (2012).
 * Soundbreaking - Stories from the Cutting Edge of Recorded Music (2016 series). . And: soundbreaking.com.
 * Truth and Lies: Watergate (2017 documentary). By ABC. And: on Hulu.
 * Unacknowledged (2017 documentary). On Netflix: . May be the best documentary ever on aliens, UFOs, etc..
 * The U.S. vs. John Lennon (2006 documentary)..
 * Vietnam in HD (2011). Episode 4: An Endless War (1968-1969).
 * The Vietnam War (2017 series). On Netflix: . Written by Geoffrey C. Ward and directed by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick. An amazing series that cost $30 million. First episode explores and interweaves the long history of the French, Japanese, British, and American occupations.
 * Winter on Fire: Ukraine's Fight for Freedom (2015 documentary).

Some interesting movies and short films
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Some of the movies need the fast forward button through some sections.

Some useful links:
 * IMDb: Years.
 * IMDb: Advanced Search.

Movies:
 * 12 Monkeys (1995).
 * Alien Visitor (1995), aka Epsilon. History.
 * Altered Hours (2018).
 * Anon (2018).
 * Apocalypse Now Redux (1979, 2001).
 * Arrival (2016).
 * Assassin's Creed (2016 film).
 * Automata (2014).
 * Avatar (2009).
 * Battlestar Galactica: Blood & Chrome (2012).
 * Beta (2017).
 * The Big Lebowski (1998). Memorable quotes.
 * Blade (1998).
 * Blade II (2002).
 * Blade: Trinity (2004).
 * Blade Runner (1982).
 * Blade Runner 2049 (came out in 2017).
 * The Bourne Identity (2002).
 * The Bourne Legacy (2012).
 * The Bourne Ultimatum (2007).
 * Bowie: The Man Who Changed the World (2016).
 * Bright (2017).
 * Buck (2011).
 * Cargo Space Is Cold (2012).
 * The Cell (2000)
 * The Chronicles of Riddick (2004). Director's cut.
 * Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977).
 * Constantine (2005).
 * The Da Vinci Code (2006).
 * David Blaine - What Is Magic (2010). Link is to full Youtube video. Amazing. And: Neflix. IMDb. David Blaine.
 * The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951).
 * The Day the Earth Stood Still (2008).
 * Déjà Vu (2006).
 * Doctor Strange (2016).
 * Dragonheart: Battle for the Heartfire (2017).
 * Dune (1984). See on Youtube.
 * Dune (2000). See on Youtube.
 * Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004). Starts off slow. Worth the wait.
 * Ex Machina (2015).
 * The Fifth Element (1997).
 * The Fountain (2006).
 * Garm Wars: The Last Druid (2015).
 * The Girl with All the Gifts (2016).
 * The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011). From the novel: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. Novel originally out in Swedish in 2005. English translation out in 2008.
 * The Giver (2014).
 * A Good Year (2006).
 * Guardians of the Galaxy (2014).
 * Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017).
 * Hackers (1995).
 * Halo 4: Forward Unto Dawn (2012).
 * Hanna (2011).
 * Hansel &amp; Gretel: Witch Hunters (2013).
 * Hardcore Henry (2015).
 * Hello World :) (2013). Sci-Fi Short Film presented by DUST. On Youtube: . See DUSTx Roku channel.
 * Highlander (1986).
 * The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies (2014).
 * Hold the Dark (2018).
 * How It Ends (2018).
 * Humboldt County (2008).
 * The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013).
 * The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 (2014).
 * I Am Number Four (2011).
 * The Imitation Game (2014).
 * Imitation Girl (2017).
 * Immortal (2004).
 * Inception (2010).
 * Insurgent (2015).
 * InTransit (2015 short film).
 * Jack Reacher: Never Go Back (2016).
 * Jason Bourne (2016).
 * JFK (1991).
 * Jim Jefferies: Freedumb (2016). On Netflix:.
 * John Carter (2012).
 * Kaboom (2010).
 * Kathleen Madigan. Bothering Jesus (2016).
 * Kill Command (2016).
 * Killer Elite (2011).
 * The Last of the Mohicans (1992).
 * The Last Samurai (2003).
 * Léon: The Professional (1994).
 * Limelight (2011).
 * Liquid Sky (1982). On Amazon Prime:.
 * Lost in Translation (2003).
 * Love (2015). Interesting to skip around in.
 * Mandela (1996). Great music. More info, and here (with trailer).
 * The Matrix (1999).
 * The Matrix Reloaded (2003).
 * The Matrix Revolutions (2003).
 * Meet Joe Black (1998).
 * The Men Who Stare at Goats (2009).
 * The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc (1999).
 * Michael (1996).
 * Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation (2015).
 * Morgan (2016).
 * Mud (2013).
 * Nikita (1990), or La Femme Nikita (1991).
 * No Country for Old Men (2007)
 * Northmen: A Viking Saga (2014).
 * The November Man (2014).
 * Oblivion (2013).
 * Only When I Dance (2009).
 * Open at Night (2016). French Wikipedia: Ouvert la nuit. Amazon Prime:.
 * Outlaw King (2018).
 * The People vs. Larry Flynt (1996).
 * Phunny Business: A Black Comedy (2010).
 * Point of No Return (1993).
 * Predators (2010).
 * Prometheus (2012).
 * Un prophète (The Prophet) (2009). French movie, available with English subtitles.
 * Queen of the Damned (2002).
 * Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)
 * Ronin (1998).
 * Salyut 7: The True Story of the Soviet 'Apollo 13' (2017). On Amazon Prime:.
 * The Scorpion King: Book of Souls (2018).
 * Seam (2018 Sci-Fi Short Film). Presented by DUST.
 * Serenity (2005).
 * Shooter (2007).
 * Skyfall (2012).
 * Solace (2015).
 * Solaris (2002).
 * Soul Kitchen (2009). There is a version with English subtitles.
 * Spaceship (2016).
 * Spectral (2016).
 * Spectre (2015).
 * Star Trek Into Darkness (2013).
 * Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979).
 * Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015).
 * Starman (1984).
 * Stigmata (1999).
 * Straight Outta Compton (2015).
 * Syriana (2005).
 * Terminator Genisys (2015).
 * Thelma & Louise (1991).
 * Thor: Ragnarok (2017).
 * Three Days of the Condor (1975).
 * The Tillman Story (2010).
 * Tomorrowland (2015).
 * Total Recall (1990).
 * Total Recall (2012).
 * Training Day (2001).
 * Trainspotting (1996).
 * Tron (1982).
 * Tron: Legacy (2010).
 * Twilight (2008).
 * The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2 (2012).
 * Ultraviolet (2006).
 * Underworld: Evolution (2006).
 * V for Vendetta (2006).
 * Valhalla Rising (2009).
 * Vanilla Sky (2001). I like the last half of the movie.
 * Watchmen (2009).
 * Witchblade (2000).

Some interesting talk radio on demand
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See here too. This info may be out of date:
 * TuneIn: Listen to Online Radio, Music and Talk Stations (tunein.com). Progressive Talk Radio - Listen Online. And Music Radio - Listen Online. And Electronic and Dance Radio. And Dubstep Radio.

Features of an ideal wiki farm
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 * See Category:Free MediaWiki wiki farms at WikiIndex.

This info may be old.

See: Site problems, and features of an ideal wiki farm.

To do
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Categories
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