Race, ethnicity, and drug war

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 * Share link: race. 
 * See: Drug war causes high U.S. incarceration rate. Also: Drug War, mandatory minimum sentencing, NRA, and guns. And: Influential black cannabis users. And: Drug war charts and maps.

See: The U.S. Drug War. Republicans lead.



Drug arrest rates by race
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 * Chart below from: The meteoric, costly and unprecedented rise of incarceration in America. By Emily Badger, April 30, 2014. The Washington Post.

Incarceration rates by race, age, and ethnicity
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 * Drug war causes high U.S. incarceration rate.
 * Number incarcerated in the USA peaked in 2008.
 * Cost of U.S. drug war.

First chart below is from:
 * Chart of the Week: The black-white gap in incarceration rates. By George Gao, July 18, 2014, Pew Research Center. And: Charting the shocking rise of racial disparity in our criminal justice system. By Christopher Ingraham, July 15, 2014, The Washington Post. And: The Prison Boom and the Lack of Black Progress after Smith and Welch. By Derek Neal and Armin Rick, July 2014, National Bureau of Economic Research.

''' "On any given day in 2010, almost one in ten black men ages 20-39 were institutionalized". '''. "Institutionalized" means incarcerated for the most part nowadays: "Few persons under age 50 are in nursing homes, and the populations housed in mental hospitals have declined greatly over the past three decades." . See: US timeline of imprisonment and mental hospital rates. ''' "By 2010, nearly a third of black, male high school dropouts aged 25-29 were imprisoned or otherwise institutionalized." '''.

     

For 2010 numbers see chart below. It is adapted fron this article: Chart: Black America's incarceration rate is almost 37 times as high as Canada's. By Dylan Matthews on October 16, 2014. Vox Xpress.

The 2010 rates in the above chart are per 100,000 of all ages. Except for black American men which is per 100,000 adults in 2010. More variations of the chart, and more sourcing info:
 * Correctional Populations in the United States, 2010. NCJ 236319. Published December 15, 2011. By Lauren E. Glaze. U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. See appendix table 3 of the PDF.
 * Inner-City Violence in the Age of Mass Incarceration. Oct. 30, 2014. The Atlantic.
 * Incarceration is not an equal opportunity punishment. August 28, 2012. by Peter Wagner. Prison Policy Initiative.

US timeline of adult male incarceration rates by race and ethnicity. From this article: Our penal system - Why Nations Fail. By Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson.

News
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Bill Maher: "We had slavery, and then we had the Jim Crow laws, and I think the successor to those two ways of putting down the black man in America is the war on drugs." From Real Time with Bill Maher – Episode 260, September 21, 2012.
 * Cops "Smelled Weed", and Raped Woman Publicly in Gas Station Lot . Aug. 6, 2015.
 * ‘I can’t breathe! I’m choking on my blood': Disturbing video of Black soldier dying in Texas jail. May 20, 2015 article. While serving "A two-day sentence for driving while intoxicated".
 * After Rising Dramatically, Marijuana Arrests Are Falling In New York City And Across The Country. Nov. 20, 2014. Forbes. From the article: "Low-level marijuana possession arrests by the New York Police Department (NYPD) skyrocketed from about 3,000 in 1994, when [Republican] Rudolph Giuliani took office as mayor, to more than 51,000 six years later. The crackdown continued during Michael Bloomberg’s administration, when the NYPD arrested an average of nearly 39,000 pot smokers each year, compared to 24,487 under Giuliani, 982 under David Dinkins, and 2,259 under Ed Koch". The Million Marijuana March started because of Giuliani. See: 1998 Million Marijuana March.
 *  Death of Eric Garner. "I can't breathe". Black man choked to death on July 17, 2014 for selling "loosies" (single cigarettes) from packs without tax stamps. As of December 28, 2014, at least 50 demonstrations had been held nationwide specifically for Garner.
 * 2014 New York City: Democrat Mayor de Blasio seeks mail-in payment for pot fines. He stopped Giuliani and Bloomberg's policy of arresting tens of thousands of brown people yearly for cannabis possession. . See Saturday Night Live video.
 * Black smoke shop owner’s surveillance cameras catch undercover informant planting crack at the behest of cops.
 * The black/white marijuana arrest gap, in nine charts. By Dylan Matthews. June 4, 2013. Washington Post.
 * The War on Marijuana in Black and White. June 3, 2013. American Civil Liberties Union.
 * Fabrice Olivet talks to TalkingDrugs about race and drugs in France. By Rupert George, March 22, 2013.
 * Collateral Costs. Incarceration's Effect on Economic Mobility. Sept. 28, 2010. The Pew Charitable Trusts. From page 4 of PDF: "One in 9 African American children (11.4 percent), 1 in 28 Hispanic children (3.5 percent) and 1 in 57 white children (1.8 percent) have an incarcerated parent."
 * Former surgeon general Joycelyn Elders calls for marijuana legalization. By the CNN Wire Staff. October 18, 2010.
 * Race and Prison | Drug War Facts: "Human Rights Watch’s analysis of prison admission data for 2003 revealed that relative to population, blacks are 10.1 times more likely than whites to be sent to prison for drug offenses."
 * Southern strategy.

Bill Maher: May 2, 2010 video and article: "I would never say and I have never said, because it's not true that Republicans, all Republicans are racists. That would be silly and wrong. But nowadays, if you are racist, you're probably a Republican. And that is quite different." More info

Bill Maher: October 8, 2011 video and article. "Overtly racist bullshit thinly painted over. Honestly, could anyone have written a better metaphor for the modern Republican party?" More info.

The new Jim Crow
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 * The New Jim Crow: How the War on Drugs Gave Birth to a Permanent American Undercaste. NORML Blog. By: Russ Belville, NORML Outreach Coordinator. See Wikipedia: Jim Crow.


 * Michelle Alexander's book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness.



Map of U.S. incarceration rates by state
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Adult rates of incarceration on December 31, 2013.




 * Above map. Adult incarceration rates by state. State prisons and local jails. Rate per 100,000 adults. Does not include numbers for federal prisons. Click to enlarge. Note the higher incarceration rates in the South. See List of U.S. states by incarceration rate. See also: Commons: File:US Adult Incarceration Rate by State.svg for sources, and detailed state-by-state data table. The federal rates and counts are listed there too, and can be added to the state rates and counts.

Louisiana has the highest incarceration rate in the above map. It is the highest rate in the world.


 * Louisiana's Republican Governor Bobby Jindal Denies Clemency to Non-Violent Pot Offenders. By Mike Adams, June 22, 2015. "Without a doubt, Louisiana is a veritable concentration camp for marijuana offenders, currently housing more prisoners for petty pot-related crimes than any other state in the nation—with some of these people forced to spend as much as 20 years in prison due to the state’s three-strike rule." See also:
 * Petition · Grant Clemency to Bernard Noble, 13 years for 2 joints · Change.org. Louisiana's Republican governor needs to be voted out of office for denying this man's clemency. "Due to two, decades-old prior drug convictions, he was charged under the state’s habitual offender law and faced a mandatory sentence of thirteen and one-third years. ... A father of seven children and he works hard to support them. His youngest child suffers from autism, and another of his young children suffers from rheumatoid arthritis for which there is no cure. To support them he started two businesses, a janitorial service and a restaurant."

How Billy Holiday was hunted down
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William Randolph Hearst and Harry Anslinger
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 * Worth Repeating: Marijuana Prohibition and Sexual Politics. March 30, 2012. By Ron Marczyk, R.N.. Toke of the Town. From the article:

"The early black jazz musicians of the 1920s and 1930s blended their love of marijuana with sexuality. This music broke through the color barrier, and was enjoyed by both white and black audiences. Marijuana was the driving force for jazz, and it was the fear of the mixing of these races that drove the white elite. ... And who was the 1937 black star who was the model for stealing white women by using the reefer music that Hearst and Anslinger feared? Cab Calloway -- that funny, funny Reefer Man! ... The large number of songs glorifying marijuana use in the decade leading up to cannabis prohibition shows what a large part marijuana played in black culture and music. ... Hearst's hatred of Mexicans and his hyping of the 'Mexican threat' to America likely was rooted in the 800,000 acres of timberland that had been confiscated from him by Pancho Villa during the Mexican Revolution. The Hearst papers carried paid-for columns by both Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, rationalizing his relationship with the two men as one of 'helping to fight Communism.' However, during a continental tour Hearst actually attended the Nuremberg rally of 1934. He later completed a newsreel deal with Hitler during the trip!"

Cory Booker and Quentin Tarantino on the Drug War
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Past month illicit drug use by race or ethnicity
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Above chart. Past month illicit drug use. Age 12 or older, by race or ethnicity 2002-2010. Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality.

NAACP billboard and ACLU lawsuit.
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 * Blacks in Government Say War on Drugs Is Racist. Article on Black Entertainment Television (BET) site. September 2, 2011. By Naeesa Aziz. "Another Black organization has added its voice to the growing number of groups and individuals who are publicly calling for the end of America’s war on drugs. ... In July [2011], the NAACP made a similar move and passed its own resolution calling for the end of the drug war and asking government to shift the focus to substance abuse treatment and education. The call for the end of drug criminalization and drug law reform has also been echoed by other organizations such as the National Black Police Association and the National Black Caucus of State Legislators, and is gaining momentum."
 * GOP War On Voting Is Most Determined Disenfranchisement Effort Since Jim Crow. By Ian Millhiser. July 7, 2011. ThinkProgress.
 * Inactive U.S. Marshal speaks about war on drugs. April 9, 2008. Collegiate Times. In the article Matthew Fogg, a black member of Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP), and former Chief Deputy US Federal Marshal, is quoted: "Drug prohibition helps the US maintain a racial apartheid prison industrial complex."

Astronomical U.S. incarceration increase
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Incarceration nation
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Number incarcerated in the USA peaked in 2008.

Minorities under control of US correctional system
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Charts below are adapted from Race and Prison. DrugWarFacts.org

Children with incarcerated parents
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Categories
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